Chapter 34 Animal Behavior Biology

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Chapter 34Animal BehaviorBiology
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What is behavior?

• Response to an environmental stimulus
• Response a single, specific reaction to a
  stimulus
• Stimulus any kind of signal that carries
  information and can be detected
• Individuals with behaviors that make them more
  successful at surviving reproducing will
  produce more offspring

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(Organisms respond to a stimulus due to
interaction of sense organs, nervous system,
endocrine system, and muscles)
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Innate behavior

• Inherited, controlled by genes
• 1) Reflexes
• Short quick, with no conscious control
• Serves a protective function

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• 2) Instinct
• Longer, complex pattern of behaviors (may have
  several parts take weeks to complete)

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Learning

• Not controlled by genes, can be changed through
  practice or experience
• How might this be of survival value?

(This
not this!)
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1) Habituation

• Learning to ignore a repetitive stimulus that
  neither harms nor rewards the organism

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2) Conditioning (associative)

• A) operant (trial error)
• Begins with a random behavior
• Skinner boxes

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• B) Classical (stimulus ? reward or punishment)
• Pavlovs dogs

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4) Insight

• An animal uses previous experience to respond to
  a new situation
• Chimps finding ways to use tools to get the banana

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Instinct Learning Combined

• Imprinting
• An animal forms a social attachment (innate
  drive) to another organism (not just Mom) soon
  after birth (learn from experience)
• Konrad Lorenz geese

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Questions?
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Marital Arts Monkey

• What type of behavior is this?

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Patterns of Behavior

• Behavioral Cycles
• Migration- periodic movement from one place to
  another and back again. (birds)
• Circadian Rhythm- daily patterns. Sleeping at
  night and waking in the morning.

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Courtship

• When an individual sends out stimuli-such as
  sounds, visual displays, or chemicals- in order
  to attract a member of the opposite sex.
  (fireflies) (tree frog)

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Social Behavior

• Animals form a society of related groups where
  they interact and cooperate with one another.

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Competition and Aggression

• Territory- area that is occupied and protected by
  an animal or a group of animals.
• Aggression- threatening behavior that one animal
  uses to gain control over one another

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Communication

• Chemical-
• Sound- vocal abilities
• Language- sounds, symbols and gestures

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35-1 Human Body Systems

• Levels of organization-
• Cells, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism

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Maintaining Homeostasis

• Homeostasis- keeping internal conditions
  relatively constant despite changes in the
  environment

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Feedback Inhibition

• Negative feedback, when a response opposes the
  original stimulus.