The Roaring 1920s

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The Roaring 1920s

• Society in the 1920s
• Changes in Manners
• Changes in Morals
• Mass Media and the
• Jazz Age
• The Harlem Renaissance

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Ch 13 Sec2 The 20s Woman

• How were womens roles changing?
• How did the image of the flapper embody the
  changing values and attitudes of young women in
  the 1920s?
• What were the causes and results of the changing
  roles of women in the 1920s?

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Womens Changing Roles

• Image of the Flapper
• Rebellious, energetic, fun-loving, and bold.
• Stylish Urban young women
• Impact on fashion and behavior
• Short bobbed hair and make-up
• Wide-brimmed hats
• Close fitting dresses, very short
• Drank and Smoked in public
• Dancing and language annoyed parents

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The Double Standard

• A set of standards granting greater sexual
  freedom to men than to women
• Women were required to observe stricter standards
  of behavior than men did
• Women were pulled back and forth between new
  standards and the old

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Images of the Flappers
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Women Working and Voting

• 15 of wage earning women became professionals,
  although businesses remained prejudice towards
  women.
• Only 35 of women voted in 1920.
• Progressive women did lobby the Shepard Towner
  Act which aided women and children.
  (Infant/Pre-natal care.)
• Jeanette Rankin WY, US House of Reps.

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Ch 13 Sec3 Education and Popular Culture

• What was popular culture of the 1920s?
• How did mass media create a shared culture?
• Why did the youth dominated decade come to be
  called the Roaring twenties?

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Americans on the Move

• By 1920, more Americans lived in cities.
• High School enrollments and Taxes increased
• Rural /Urban split due to changes in education,
  occupations, and cultural issues.
• Over 500,000 African Americans migrated from
  South to North.
• Better jobs, education, yet harsh discrimination.
  (De Facto Discrimination)

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Other Migration

• Mexicans emigrated to the US because of job
  opportunities.
• The US had limited immigration with quotas for
  European, Japanese and Chinese immigrants.
• Los Angeles developed a district barrio or
  Spanish speaking neighborhood.
• Puerto Ricans migrated to NYC

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Growth of Suburbs

• Trolleys allowed people to get from their
  suburban homes to jobs and stores.
• By mid 1920s 70,000 buses were operating in the
  US.
• Cars became cheaper and offered greater
  flexibility in travel.

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American Heroes

• Charles Lindbergh 1927 NY to Paris
• Amelia Earhart 1932 CA to Hawaii
• Jack Dempsey- Heavyweight Champ
• Babe Ruth 60 HR in 1927, Yankees
• Gertrude Ederle Gold medalist 1924

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Mass Media

• MOVIES
• 80 million tickets sold a week.
• The first talkie The Jazz Singer 1927.
• Big Stars Greta Garbo, Clara Bow, Charlie
  Chaplin, Lon Chaney, Mary Pickford, Gloria
  Swanson, and Rudolph Valentino.

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Newspapers and Magazines

• Between 1920 and 1929 daily newspaper circulation
  rose from 28 million to almost 40 million.
• By 1929 Americans were buying 200 million copies
  of magazines.
• Saturday Evening Post, Readers Digest, Ladies
  Home Journal, and Time were popular.

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Popular Magazines
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Radio of the 1920s

• First radio broadcast 1920 Election results by
  KDKA in Pittsburgh
• By 1922, 500 stations were on air
• NBC, CBS brought the same jokes, commercials,
  music, sports, religious services, and news to
  many Americans.
• Between 1922 and 1929 the of radios rose from
  60,000 to 12mil

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Radio 1920s
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Art and Literature of the 1920s

• Famous Artists Edward Hopper, Rockwell Kent,
  Georgia OKeeffe.
• Famous Authors
• Sinclair Lewis
• F. Scott Fitzgerald
• Earnest Hemingway
• T.S. Elliot
• The Lost Generation authors disconnected from
  their country and its values.

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The Lost Generation
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Ch 13 Sec 4 The Harlem Renaissance

• What were the cause and results of the Great
  Migration of African Americans to Northern cities
  in the early 1900s?
• What was the prolific African American artistic
  activity of the Harlem Renaissance?

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The Harlem Renaissance

• NYCs Harlem was a cultural center for African
  Americans.
• The Renaissance is known as a cultural and
  literary awakening as well as a time of
  acceptance.
• Authors

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African American Writers

• Claude McKay Poet/militant writer urging Af Am
  to resisit prejudice discrimination
• Langston Hughes (Best Known) Poet Difficult
  everyday lives of working class Af Am

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African American Writers

• Zora Nele Hurston Sorrows Kitchen, Poor
  unschooled Southern Blacks moving to the North

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The Jazz Age

• Jazz grew out of African American music of the
  South like Ragtime and Blues.
• Jazz Clubs, Radio Play, and Dances
• Cotton Club Harlem NYC
• Connies Inn
• Saratoga Club

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Cotton Club
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Jazz Age Icons

• Paul Robeson
• Louis Armstrong
• Duke Ellington
• Bessy Smith

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African American Performers

• Robeson major dramatic actor singer with
  great stage presence. Played Othello supported
  communism
• Armstrong improv jazz trumpet layer
• Ellington jazz pianist composer
• Smith Blues singer. Most outstanding female
  vocalist of her time. Highest paid black artist
  up to 1927

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Duke Ellington and George Gershwin
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WEB Dubois James Weldon Johnson (NAACP)

• Belief peaceful protest against racial violence
• Goal Anti-lynching laws, equal rights
• Tactics court cases

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African- American Voices

• The Great Migration saw 500,000 African Americans
  move North
• NAACP -1909 WEB Du Bois
• Du Bois wrote The Crisis an NAACP magazine to
  highlight racial violence and to form a platform
  in the civil rights fight
• 1920s Executive Secretary of the NAACP James
  Weldon Johnson fought for anti-lynching laws

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Marcus Garvey and the UNIA

• Marcus Garvey an immigrant from Jamaica believed
  African Americans should build a separate
  society.
• In 1918 the UNIA was moved to Harlem
• It promoted black owned businesses
• He founded the Black Star Shipping Line
• He inspired Black Pride
• Proposed Back to Motherland Africa Movement

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1920s Images