Folk Healing

1
Folk Healing

• History of Health and Illness
• Graham, Helen (1999) Complementary therapies in
  context the psychology of healing, Kingsley
  publishers Philadelphia Penn. Pg. 20-41

2
Objectives

• Identify the major events in the evolution of
  scientific medicine
• Discuss the development of healing theories
• Describe the similarity between the origins of
  healing modalities

3
Ancient Healing 10,000-2,000 BC

• Survival, birth, dehydration, trauma, poisoning
• Surgery, lancing, needles, casts
• Massage
• Nutrition and Herbal treatments
• Observation, cause and effect

4
Development of Medicinal Herbology

• Ancient practice.
• Early science.
• Writing.
• Group living.
• Shared knowledge.
• Agricultural societies.
• Observation, foods, plants, conditions.
• Detailed cause and effect records.

5
Geographic origins of Ancient Traditions

• Primary
• African Egyptian
• Chinese
• Indian
• Secondary
• Babylonian
• Greco Hellenistic
• Persia- Iranian

6
Primitive or pre literate

• Aural-oral traditions
• Stories
• Songs
• Mythology

7
4000-600 BC China

• 3494 Red Emperor,
• herbal pharmacology
• 2698 Yellow Emperor
• Chinese system, Yin/Yang, 5 elements

8
2000-500BC

• Founding of Ayurvedic medicine
• Herbal
• Meditation, nutrition
• Egypt., ancient texts, Imhotep. 2980
• Balance of subtle energies, all life is energy
  radiating from sun god Ra.

9
Western Thought Pythagoras 600 BC

• Birth of rational thought.
• Reduced the ancient concept of harmony, music to
  a mathematical formula.
• Pitch of the note has a ration to the length of
  the string.
• Mythology and mathematics different sides of the
  same coin.
• Over time knowledge became viewed as linear
  process.
• Having an objective reality based on facts that
  can be discovered.
• Concept of future, progress and the idea that
  given enough time man can discern all possible
  truths.

10
500-300BC

• Earliest evidence of sharing of knowledge
• Greece.
• Temples of healing, health, athletics, cleansing
  (baths)
• Maintaining proportion, within the soul and in
  relation to physical realities.
• Panacea dispersers of health, Hygiea harmony with
  nature.

11
Hippocrates 460 BC

• First medical school.
• There is one common flow, one common breathing
  All things are in sympathy.
• Imbalance of the elements.
• Earth, fire, water, air.
• Cold, heat, wet, dry.

12
Secretions product of the body

• Black bile, melancholy
• Yellow bile, choler
• Blood
• Phlegm

13
Health Harmony

• Organs effected by.
• Thoughts, feelings, experiences, emotions.
• Environment.
• Climate, pollution, level of activity.
• Symptoms could be seen in any of the secretions
  of the body.

14
Hippocratic Medical Practice

• 1st to Break with the magico religious tradition
  (cause/effect)
• Healer as therapist, attendant to the healing
  process
• Vix medocatrix naturae
• Natural ability of the bodies life force to
  repair itself

15
Do Not Interfere With Nature

• Healer roel to Assist the healing process
• Educate the patient about the illness
• Look at Effects of natural cycles
• Sun rise, sun set, position of the stars
• Condition of the soil and water
• Time of the year

16
Health and Illness Are Natural, Biological
Process Rather Than the Work of Gods or Spirits.
17
Galen 100 AD.

• Systematized the Hippocratic doctrine of 4 humors
  and Four Natures

Black Bile Earth
Blood Fire
Dry
Cold
Hot
Humid
Phlegm Water
Yellow Bile Water
18
Temperaments

• personality types based on the four humors
• Black bile depression, melancholy
• Yellow bitterness, hostility
• Phlegm apathy
• Sanguine, blood cheerful, optimism

19
Six Necessities

• Air
• Food
• Rest and movement
• Sleep
• Emotional, spiritual
• Excretion, retention

20
Monasteries and Hospitals

• Religious Charities
• Poor People go there to die
• The initiates have knowledge
• The monks have healing herbs
• The soldiers have surgery skill

21
Social context

• Books are valuable, no printing press
• Books are in palaces, monasteries
• Wealthy learn (men)
• Wealthy live (women die in child birth)
• Wealthy must be special????

22
Europe 1100-1300

• Medical Schools Founded with in
• Monasteries, Universities
• Herb Gardens Kept By Monks

23
1300-1500

• Great Plagues of Europe, Pneumonic, Syphilis
  Epidemic
• Body Lice Typhus
• Polluted Water Cholera
• First Insane Asylum

24
Effects of Medieval Religion

• Science is against God, it is pagan
• Healing is of the devil
• You should not be rescued from suffering
• Bacon Man is apart from God
• Descartes Mind/matter began the divorce of
  science from spirit

25
Witchcraft

• Herbalists
• Midwives decreased child mortality
• Wise woman Usually older.

26
Paracelsus 1493-1541

• Pharmacology
• OPIUM (China 100BC)
• Holistic harmony philosophy
• Against Galen, corrected the anatomy charts
• Observation, surgical theaters

27
Colonial America 1776gt

• Medicine, Victorian Exported European model
• Small Educated society
• Social Status
• Aristocrat
• Legal protection
• Competed with Folk Healers and Pharmaceutical
  Companies

28
1500-1700

• Influenza Epidemic, Vesalius Corrects Galen's
  Mistakes Anatomy, Kirscher Suggests
  Microorganisms Are the Cause of Disease
• Quinine Used to Treat Malaria
• Thermometer

29
1700-1825

• 1770-Use of poisonous plants for cures
• 1775-Lavoisier describes oxygen
• 1776-Digitalis (plant deadly night shade) used to
  cure dropsy
• 1796- first small pox inoculation
• 1809 elective abdominal surgery
• 1819 Evaporation and distillation used to make
  alkaloids and tinctures
• 1822- Pasture developed method of inoculating
  against anthrax and chicken cholera developed
  cure and prevention for rabies

30
1825-1900 Causes Vs, Symptoms

• 1830- Isolation of anesthesia, ether
• Theories of Freud, Jung, Darwin
• 1860-cocaine is isolated form coca leaves
• 1806s Hand washing
• 1890 Viruses are isolated
• 1893 Florence Nightingale demonstrate the
  effects of sanitation on illness in Crimea
• 1895- X rays discovered
• 1898 Madame Curie discovers radium
• 1899 Aspirin is introduced by BAYER

31
1900-1925 WWI (1914-1918)

• 1901- Blood groups identified, 1st successful
  transfusions
• 1910- Salvarsan to rx syphilis Pharmaceutical
  industry established
• 1916- Einstein, theory of relativity
• 1918-1919- Influenza kills 15 million
• 1920 1st TB inoculation
• 1921 Insulin is discovered

32
Growth of the Hospital

• Sanitarium for TB, Acute Wards for Antibiotic
  Therapy, Surgical Repair, Psychiatric Wards for
  Mental Illness.
• Disappearance of Homecare
• Community need for isolation

33
1925-1945 WWII (1939-45)

• Antiinfective-penicillin, sulfonamide,
  streptomycin
• 1938- Kidney dialysis
• Two tiered system
• Teaching hospitals
• Revenue producing

34
Sectarians

• 1900s
• Thompsonians
• Christian Scientists
• Osteopaths
• Naturopaths
• Chiropractor
• Flexner's report

35
Scientific Discovery

• Establishes body of knowledge
• 1900 Blood Groups
• Before 1940s Doctors were educated Folk Healers
• 1860 Germ Theory
• Isolation techniques

36
Scientific Medical Community

• Separation of body and spirit
• Western medicine based on science
• Trial and error
• Research approach
• Quantitative
• Qualitative, phenomenological

37
Morbidity and MortalityIllness and Death

• Prevention and treatment

38
Supremacy of Modern Medicine?

• Sanitation
• Nutrition
• Housing
• Smaller families
• Social control
• Decreased trauma
• Disease isolation

39
Return of Care Component

• Curing Married to Caring in Order to Maximize
  Effects

40
2003

• Identification/unlocking DNA
• Human biochemistry
• Immunology, infection, cancer
• Organ replacement
• Infertility
• Imagining technology