Title: Close your eyes and begin to relax
1- Close your eyes and begin to relax
- take a deep breath
- and let it out slowly
- concentrate on your breathing
- with each breath you become more relaxed
- imagine a brilliant white light above you
focusing on this light as it flows through your
body - allow yourself to drift off as you fall deeper
and deeper into a more relaxed state of mind - now as I count backward from ten to one
- you feel more peaceful, and calm
- ten
- nine...
- eight
- seven...
- six...
- you will enter a safe place where nothing can
harm you - five
- four
- three...
- two...
2HAMLET
31 QuestionWHERE???
- All we know who Hamlet is but
- Do you know where his story take place???
4WHERE???
- Helsingør is a city in Helsignor on the northeast
coast of the island of Zeeland in eastern
Denmark. It is known internationally as the
setting of William Shakespeare's Hamlet, whence
the spelling 'Elsinore' originated
5Wow fantasticbut exactly WHERE???
6Do you think Hamlet is an invenction of William
Shakespeare???pace allanima sua
- No
- Dear friend
- The original version is ancient
7Hamlet ancient origin
- The story on which Hamlet is based was an
ancient one versions of it are found in
Byzantine, Greek, and Roman myth. - The Danish story probably came to Shakespeare
through an earlier play, now lost. - Rorik was real enough, a viking who was King of
Jutland. But Rorik's grandson, Amleth, was a
figure of legend rather than history, a heroic
avenger who outsmarted his rivals and ended up
with two wives. - Rorik's daughter, Gerutha, was given in
marrriage to his favourite, Horwendil, whose son
was Amleth.
8The saga of Feng and Amleth
- The original story is very similar to
Shakespeare's play. - Feng murders his brother out of jealousy and
marries Gerutha (Amleth's mother) - Amleth pretends to be witless to save himself
- his sanity is tested by the suspicious Feng
- he is sent to England guarded by two of Feng's
retainers, who carry a death letter - Amleth alters the letter to order the deaths of
the retainers and his own marriage to the King's
daughter - he returns to Jutland and, after a celebratory
feast, burns the Great Hall full of drunken
nobles and murders his uncle, avenging his
father. - Shakespeare's Hamlet does not pursue the story
beyond this point.
9umh
- yes, intresting but
- Where was acted the first time this play???
10THE WOODON O
- A crowd of twentieth century "groundlings" stands
in the open yard of the new Globe Theatre in
Bankside, London. - Admission is 5.00 in the early 1600's, at the
first Globe Theatre, Shakespeare's "Wooden O,"
groundlings (commoners) paid one English penny. - The Globe had a central "discovery place." Double
doors, covered with finely embroidered hangings,
a curtain or both enabled the actor to reach the
upper level for balcony scenes. - Above that was a room with machinery for special
effects cannon were fired, angels or ghosts
descended and a trap door in the floor led to
hell. - Wooden stage posts, painted to look like marble,
supported a canopy that represented heaven,
filled with clouds, stars, moons and the sun. The
canopy did double duty, protecting the actors and
their costumes from the sun. - The Globe burned to the ground in less than an
hour, but the audience of three thousand managed
to escape through the two exits.
11Now we know wherebut
- Tell me something about the author
12William Shakespeare
- was born on 23 of April in 1564 in
Stratford-upon-Avon. - Educated at the local grammar school, young
Shakespeare would be transported
by the travelling players. He began
working as an actor and playwright with several
companies including The Queens Men,
Pembroke's Men and Lord Strange's Men. - The troupes often disbanded and regrouped. To
avoid the restrictions imposed by authorities,
theatres were built outside the walls of London. - In 1576, James Burbage, an actor/manager, built a
playhouse at Shoreditch, a leased site in
Finesbury Fields. He called it The Theatre. - Shakespeare was a charter member of a new theatre
company under the patronage of Lord Hunsdon,
Chamberlain to Queen Elizabeth and an officer of
the Privy Council, in charge of Her Majesty's
entertainment. - The company rented a playhouse, the Curtain, for
two years, but 1597 and 1598 brought a reversal
in their fortunes and the company was forced to
sell the playbooks of Richard III, Richard II,
Henry IV and Love's Labor Lost. - Shakespeare probably agreed to write two plays a
year for the company. - Shakespeare's company played the Globe in winter
and summer until 1608, when the company began to
play winters indoors at the Blackfriar's theatre.
Shakespeare retired to Stratford-upon-Avon in
1613 and died in 1616.
13Umh ok Hamlet
- Other type of plays at that time???
14Thomas Kyd and Revenge Tragedy
- The source for Shakespeare's play was probably a
Hamlet play by Thomas Kyd, now lost, which
scholars refer to as the Ur-Hamlet. - Thomas Kyd also wrote the first famous revenge
tragedy, The Spanish Tragedy. - It was first played around 1590 Revenge drama
became a popular genre in the late sixteenth and
early seventeenth centuries.
15The Spanish Tragedy Plot Summary
- Revenge brings the Ghost of Andrea on stage to
witness the end of Balthazar, who slew Andrea in
combat under dubious circumstances. They remain
on stage throughout the play, making occasional
commentary on impending doom. - Brave Horatio captures. Balthazar of Portugal in
battle and brings him to the Spanish court. His
prisoner is not imprisoned, but is given freedom
in the trusting care of Lorenzo. Balthazar then
seeks to win the hand of Bel-Imperia, widow of
the late Andrea. - She, however, is loathe to marry her husband's
murderer and falls in love with Horatio. This
fact, plus Horatio's previous victory, incenses
Balthazar, who, with the encouragement and help
of Lorenzo (boo, hiss), brutally murders
Horatio. - They and their accomplices kidnap Bel-Imperia in
order to hide her and to let Balthazar woo her.
Hieronimo, Horatio's bereaved father, desires
vengeance, but is ignorant of the identity of the
murderers until Bel-Imperia sends him a letter
indicting her ruthless brother and the foreign
prince. - Hieronimo hesitates, fearing that the letter is a
trick. Meanwhile, Lorenzo, fearing discovery,
coolly disposes of his two trusting accomplices,
but Hieronimo discovers a letter on the body of
one of them, which confirms the guilt of Lorenzo
and Balthazar. - He then suffers lapses of madness and considers
suicide. His wife, driven to madness by the
delay in revenge for her son, does kill herself.
Bel-Imperia chastises Hieronimo for not having
avenged Horatio's death and pushes him toward the
final scene. He plans a presentation of a play
to the court, using his avowed enemies as
players. They, along with Bel-Imperia, take
parts. - In full view of all, they present the play.
Hieronimo stabs Lorenzo, whereupon Bel-Imperia
stabs Balthazar and herself. Hieronimo drags out
the body of his dead son and briefly unfolds the
tale. When pressed for further details, he bites
off his tongue. - He then stabs Lorenzo's innocent father with a
penknife and commits suicide. Andrea's ghost
comments and asks to be allowed to judge the
guilty and assign their penalties. This request
is granted by Revenge, who takes him to the dark
regions where the guilty will "begin their
endless tragedy."
16Very intresting
- We know who wright this play
- Where it take palce
- Other similar
- But
17Lets talk about the
18Hamlet
19Hamlet
- Son of the late King Hamlet of Denmark and nephew
to the present King. - Famous for the graveyard scene where holding the
skull of deceased jester Yorick, Hamlet realizes
man has little lasting control over his fate and
also for describing man as the "paragon of
animals!". - Hamlet resents his mother Queen Gertrude
marrying King Claudius only after two months from
his father's death. - Distrustful of King Claudius, Hamlet is equally
weary of the King's spies, Guildenstern and
Rosencrantz who attempt to know his true
intentions. - When Hamlet meets King Hamlet's Ghost and learns
that King Claudius murdered his father, he want
to revenge his father's death. - To this end, Hamlet distrusts and rejects all
those around him whom he believes are spying on
him for King Claudius. - Fearing that his intentions could be revealed,
Hamlet invents a madness to distract and hide his
true intentions.This includes Ophelia, the women
he loves whom he bitterly rejects when he learns
she has betrayed him. - At the end of the play, Hamlet kills both
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern (indirectly),
Laertes and finally King Claudius before dying
himself from a wound inflicted by Laertes.
20- The present King of Denmark took Queen Gertrude
whom he loves but Hamlet believes his mother has
betrayed him and his father's memory. - Cautious and suspicious, Claudius has courtiers
Rosencrantz and Guildenstern and Hamlet's love
interest Ophelia spying on Hamlet. - Distrustful of Hamlet and his "madness", King
Claudius sent Hamlet to England to be killed when
he saw him like a threat.
- Friend to Hamlet and the one person Hamlet truly
trusts. Witnesses King Hamlet's Ghost . - At the end of the play, Horatio want to kill
himself to join Hamlet in death but Hamlet
convinces him to live so he can tell his story,
restoring Hamlet's name.
21- Queen of Denmark and Hamlets mother.
- She married King Claudius only after two months
by King Hamlet's death. - Queen Gertrude loves her son and said him that
she never forget her husband she attempt to
justify her actions and her remarrying so
quickly. Queen loves Hamlet she realizes her
wrong when Hamlet scolds her heavily . - She agrees to no longer share King Claudius' bed,
and help her son by hiding Hamlet's true mental
state from King Claudius. - She dies from a poisoned cup of wine prepared for
Hamlet.
- Lord Chamberlain. He serves King Claudius hes
the father of Laertes and Ophelia. - When news of Hamlet's madness circulate,
Polonius is certain that his daughter Ophelia is
responsible, because Hamlet fell in love whit
her. - Worried by Hamlet's intentions for his daughter
, Polonius orders Ophelia to keep her distance.
Later when King Claudius needs information,
Polonius uses his daughter to spy on Hamlet. - He even has Reynaldo, a servant spy. Polonius is
killed by Hamlet when he attempts to listen on a
conversation between Hamlet and Queen Gertrude. - Because of his fathers death Ophelia became
crazy.
22- Polonius' son. He is admired for his fencing
skills. - Laertes' role in this play is minor until the
death of his father Polonius. Laertes is
available in the comparisons of King Claudius . - He conspiring to kill Hamlet with the help of
King Claudius. - We see little of Laertes' inner character however
since he responds to events continuously. - He dies like a victim of Hamlet , pierced by his
same sword sprinkled of poison.
- She is Poloniuss daughter. Shes loved by
Hamlet. - She began crazy after his father death.
- She obey to her father and ignores Hamlet's
court. - Receives advice on how to live from brother
Laertes . - Ophelia betrays him, spying on him for King
Claudius. - She drowns in circumstances that suggest a
possible suicide.
23- Rosencrantz,
- Guildenstern
- Prince of Norway. The son of King Fortinbras,
Young Fortinbras ,who was defeated by King
Hamlet, has raised an army to reclaim the lands
lost.
- Courtiers to King Claudius, both these men grew
up with Hamlet. - As a result King Claudius recruits them to spy on
Hamlet for him. Neither man has a problem trading
in their friendship to betray Hamlet they serve
the King. - Both die when the instructions they bear from
King Claudius are altered by Hamlet to instruct
King Claudius' English associates to kill those
bearing his commission immediately (Rosencrantz
and Guildenstern).
24Okokand now
- last question
- Tell me about the
- Themes of this opera
25in hamlet there are some soliloquybut
26- a SOLILOQUY is an introspective speech, delivered
when the speaker is alone on the stage. - It is used by the playwright to reveal a
character's innermost thoughts. - For example, Henry V's "Ceremony" soliloquy
reveals Henry's thoughts about the burden of
kingship.
27- Principal Hamlet Soliloquies are seven, all
centred on the most important existential themes
- the emptiness of existence,
- suicide,
- death,
- suffering,
- action,
- a fear of death which puts off the most momentous
decisions, - the fear of the beyond,
- the degradation of the flesh,
- the triumph of vice over virtue,
- the pride and hypocrisy of human beings,
- and the difficulty of acting under the weight of
a thought
28The most famous one is the number 4 To be, or
not to be that is the question Whether 'tis
nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and
arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms
against a sea of troubles, And by opposing end
them?
29- After a secret reunion of the king, the
queen(Hamlets mother) and Polonius they decided - to make Hamlet meets the Polonius daughter
Ophelia and to spy him during this meet to - discover if his madness was a consequence of his
love for the girl. - He pronounces the famous soliloquy while he is
waiting for the girl. - Here Hamlet shows his dilemma, and gives
audiences a confronting view of what goes through
the mind of a teen in anguish.
30Class iussues
revenge
Teen angst
Natural order
inevitability
Familial relations
death
love
madness
31Questioning of Death
- The pondering of death usually comes during teen
years, as teens become less certain of their own
mortality and that of the people that they
love. Hamlet faces both of these when he loses
his father. - He realises that life does not last forever,
prompting questions of his own death. As do most
teens, Hamlet thinks about suicide, contemplating
whether it could be justified as legitimate in
such a miserable world. - He is however, afraid of what lies beyond life,
as are many who are in the same situation.
..
32Familial relations
- In Hamlet there are various familial
relationships. Its interesting to note the
contrast between the family unit of Polonius,
Laertes and Ophelia and Hamlet's relationships
with the Ghost of Hamlet Sr., to Gertrude and to
Claudius or the different reactions of Hamlet,
Laertes and Fortinbras, all sons confronted,
with father's death.
.
33Revenge
- The idea of exacting revenge for a crime is
foreign to modern society we have to think of
something quite outside the law to come up with
an equivalent. - The conflict between the law and direct revenge
that we perceive was less clear in Shakespeare's
time, as the attitude to duelling attests - but Hamlet was faced with possibly a deeper
conflict between the Christian teachings of
patience and turning the other cheek and the
ancient desire for blood revenge. Hamlet must
seek vengeance for his fathers murder.
This becomes his sole purpose and he seems to
forget all other aspects of his life, even his
love for Ophelia. During his quest for revenge,
he accidentally murders his lovers father,
Polonius, sparking Polonius son Laertes to seek
vengeance against him. A circle of retribution
with Laertes begins, as he teams-up with Claudius
to avenge Polonius and Ophelia while Claudius is
also anxious to be rid of the melancholy Prince.
If for every murder there must be a retaliatory
killing, the vicious circle would never
end. This is a notion that Shakespeare may have
been commenting upon in the writing of Hamlet.
.
.
34Inevitability
King Now, Hamlet, wheres Polonius? Hamlet
At supper. King At supper, where? Hamlet
Not where he eats, but where he is eaten a
certain convocation of politic worms are een at
him. Your Worm is your only emperor for diet we
fat all creatures else fat to us, and we fat
ourselves for maggots Your fat king and your
lean beggar is but variable service, two dishes,
but to one table thats the end. King Alas,
alas! Hamlet A man may fish with the worm that
hath eat of a king, and eat of the fish that hath
fed of that worm.
This section of text is interesting because it
clearly reveals Hamlets thoughts regarding
death, which is essentially a circle of life
theory. This also indicates the popular belief
that death was a great leveller and all shall be
judged alike in their own time.
- Hamlets quest sees him become very interested in
death. - He ponders the fact that every living being dies,
even great Kings.
.
35Natural Order
- It is interesting to note that every death that
takes place is of unnatural origin. - We see deaths of poisoning, murder, injury,
execution and suicide. This coincides with the
view of righting the natural order. - As the Kingdom of Denmark is being ruled by this
government that was not truly appointed, chaos
ensues and each one of the unnatural or
morally corrupt players are killed. - By this, the diseased nation will once again
return to health.
.
36Teen Angst
- One of the reasons that Shakespeare remains so
popular, even in todays modern world, is that it
holds universal themes. - Teen angst is as recognised now as it was in
Elizabethan times. - Two main issues that are dealt with in regard to
what teens undergo in everyday life are
questioning of death, and love.
.
37Love
- For as long as human kind have existed so too
have the troubles of love, for love can so easily
turn to hate which can be just as passionate. - This is especially intensified around the teenage
years, as youth they begin to search for their
love and encounter difficulties of the heart. - Hamlet is seen to go through these same trials
as his love for Ophelia is put to the test. - Unfortunately their feelings for each other are
dulled by Hamlets disillusionment result of his
mothers indiscretions. - Ophelia is destroyed by her loss of Hamlet and
essentially the future throne, driven by madness
to suicide.
.
38Madness
Claudius himself is conscious of the fact that
the conduct and words of his nephew are at one
and the same time completely irrational and
absolutely coherent. Hamlets madness has not
only the effect of disturbing those around him,
it also allows him the freedom to transgress the
courts rules of etiquette and obedience without
incurring in an immediate punishment. Hamlet,
under cover of madness, takes on the role of a
critical and sardonic commentator on the schemes
of other characters.
- Most of the characters observing Hamlets
behaviour cant agree whether it is fake and
calculating or whether the prince really is
suffering from a mental illness threatening the
sovereign reasons which separates men from beasts.
.
39Class Issues
Ophelia becomes victim to her class in several
ways, firstly being forced by her father Polonius
into love for Hamlet as a means of gaining the
throne. Her failure to achieve this partially
leads her to the riverbank, where she will commit
suicide. The second influence of her social
class is more symbolic, but does in essence kill
her. Women of that time were expected to wear
heavy clothes in a bid for aesthetic beauty. As
Ophelia hurls herself into the river below, it is
the heavy weight of her garments (expectations of
her class) that drag her down and drowns her. In
this way, she too becomes a victim to the social
class standards of her time.
- Hamlet gives a portrayal of life at court, the
elite of society at that time in history. - Hamlet sees the downfall of characters Hamlet and
Ophelia, partially as a result of the
expectations of their social class. - Polonius is present in the Queens room
discussing Hamlets indecorous behaviour (seen to
be mad, according to their social group) when
Hamlet accidentally slays him.
.
40And nowwhat else???
41- Presentation by
- Silver
- Wanda
- Elly Z
- Elly S
- Special thanks to
- Sara Z (for the music)
- Dream Theater (for the music)
The end