College English Book Two

1
College EnglishBook Two

• Edited by Hu Wenzhong, Ma Yuanxi,
• Zhu Jue and Li He
• Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press

2
Contents

• Lesson Thirteen
• Lesson Fourteen
• Lesson Fifteen
• Lesson Sixteen

• Lesson One
• Lesson Two
• Lesson Three
• Lesson Four
• Lesson Five
• Lesson Six
• Lesson Seven
• Lesson Eight
• Lesson Nine
• Lesson Ten
• Lesson Eleven
• Lesson Twelve

3
Lesson Nine

• Words and Expressions
• Pattern Drills
• Text A The Discoverer of X-rays
• Notes to the Text
• Oral and Written Work
• Grammar
• Exercises
• Test
• Chinese Translation of Text A

4
Words and Expressions

• account n. a written or spoken report
  description story ??.??
• affect vt. To cause some result or change in
  influence ??
• aloud sdv. In a voice that may be heard ???
• APC n. medicine used to relieve pain and reduce
  fever (??)????
• assign vt. To appoint to a job or duty ??
• bent adj. forcing into a curve or angle ??
• blame vt. consider or say that sb. is responsible
  for sth. done (badly or wrongly) or not done ??
• bony adj. of the bone ??,???
• by accident by chance ??
• cancer n. diseased growth in the body, often
  causing death ???
• coin n. peeve of metal used as money??
• depend on need, rely on ( the support, etc. of )
  in order to exist or to be true or to succeed ??

5

• destroy vt. damage (sth.) so badly that it no
  longer exists, works, etc.??
• disagree vt. Have d different opinion not agree
  ???
• discoverer n. person who has made a discovery
  ???
• diseased adj. suffering from a disease ????
• electric current the flow of electricity ??
• electromagnetic adj. having both electrical and
  magnetic properties ???
• extremely adv. very ?,??
• flaw n. imperfection ??
• fleshy adj. of or like flesh ??
• flu n. infectious virus disease causing fever,
  muscular, and pain ?????
• fracture n. breaking or breakage, esp. of a bone
  ??
• fridge n. refrigerator cabinet in which food is
  kept cold ??
• glass tube tubes make of glass ???
• glow bi. Give out heat and light without flames
  or smoke ?????, ??(??)
• gradually adv. In a gradual way by degrees ???
• indoor adv. In or into a building???
• In honor of for showing respect or thanks to
  ???

6

• internally adv. Of or in the inside, esp. of the
  body ???,???
• invisible adj. that cannot be seen ????
• jaw n. either of the bone structures containing
  the teeth ?, ?
• keep off stay away from ???,??
• lately adv. In the most recent past ??,??
• light wave n. wave by which light is spread or
  carried ??
• murder n. the crime of killing a man unlawfully
  ?? ??
• niece m. the daughter of ones brother or sister
  ??,???
• oily adj. containing much oil ???
• overwork vi. (cause to) work too much
  ?????????
• paragraph n. distinct section of a written or
  printed text, usu. Consisting of several
  sentences dealing with a single theme and
  starting on a new line ??
• paraphrase vt. re-expression of (sth. written or
  said) in different words, esp. words easier to
  understand ???(???)
• pay rise increase of pay in amount ????
• plate n. sheet of glass coated with sensitive
  film for photography ??

7

• quit vt. stop doing sth. and leave ??
• radiation n. radiating the sending out of
  energy, heat, etc. in rays ??
• relieve vt. Lessen (pain or trouble) ???
• remove vt. Take away from a place take off ??
• resistance n. opposing standing or fighting
  against (force) ??
• shadow n. shade caused by an object blocking
  direct rays of light ??
• sick note n. note for permission to be absent
  from work, duty, etc. Because of illness ???
• sore adj. painful from a wound, infection or
  hard case ???
• structure vt. give a structure to ??
• symbol n mark or sign with a particular meaning,
  eg. Plus and sinus signs in mathematics,
  punctuation marks, musical notation, etc. ????
• throat n. passage in the neck through which food
  passes to the stomach and sir passage to the
  lungs ??
• tuberculosis n infectious wasting disease in
  which growths appear on body tissue, esp. the
  lungs ??(?) ???
• wave length n. distance between the
  corresponding points in a sound wave or an
  electromagnetic wave ??
• x-ray shout-wave ray that penetrates solids and
  makes it possible to see into or through them
  X?? X?

8
Pattern Drills

• Drill A 1)
• Read the first paragraph of the text, Wang
  Ping.
• Wang Ping, youre not listening! You were
  asked to read the first paragraph of the text.
• 1) recite the poem
• 2) read the intonation drills aloud
• 3) make up a sentence with the word admit
• 4) paraphrase this sentence
• 5) write the word resistance on the blackboard
• 6) explain the difference between kill and murder

9
Pattern Drills

• Drill A 2)
• ---Comrade Zhang, dont be late again.
• -- Did you hear what the teacher said, Comrade
  Zhang?
• --- Yes, she told me not to be late again.
• 1) dont talk to your neighbor
• 2) dont forget to correct the mistakes in your
  composition
• 3) dont stop practicing your spelling
• 4) never use bad language
• 5) never accept what anybody says without
  thinking
• 6) never leave today work till tomorrow

10
Pattern Drills

• Drill B
• --- Im terribly thirsty.
• --- What did he say?
• He said he was terribly thirsty.
• 1) I want to quit my job.
• 2) Im to blame for burning the rice.
• 3) I disagree with Xiao Liu.
• 4) I prefer grapes to plums.
• 5) This is how I see the matter.

11
Pattern Drills

• Drill C
• --- Ive been to the dean and he gave me
  permission to take philosophy.
• --- Pardon?
• ---I said I had been to the dean and he had
  given me permission to take philosophy.
• --- So thats why you look to happy.
• 1) my mother has a pay rise and shes going to
  buy a fridge/ excited
• 2) my brother is ill and cannot come to see me on
  Sunday/ worried
• 3) my father has had an operation and everyting
  will be all right/ relieved

12
Pattern Drills

• Drill D 1)
• --- Whats wrong with you?
• --- Ive got a cold. (a headache, a
  stomachache, a fever, the flu, a bad cough, a
  sore throat, etc.)
• --- Have you been to the clinic?
• --- Yes, I have.
• --- What did the doctor say?
• --- He said it was nothing serious.
• a) you need a rest. Ill give you a sick
  note.
• b) You should take more exercise. Its
  bad for you sitting indoors all day.
• c) youd better have an X-ray. Dont
  worry. There may be nothing wrong at all.
• d) Take some APC and drink plenty of
  water.
• e) Keep off oily food, and youll be all
  right in a few days.
• f) Dont stay up too late. Youve been
  overworking.

13
Pattern Drills

• Drill D 2)
• --- Who was on the phone just now?
• --- Lao Zhang.
• --- What did he say?
• --- He told me the meeting had been put off.
• a) Someone is waiting for you in your room.
• b) Ive fixed your radio.
• c) The ping pong match will begin at four
  this afternoon.
• d) Ive been assigned a new job and Im
  leaving for Hangzhou soon.
• e) I missed the school bus and wont be back
  or an hour or so.
• f) I saw a wonderful film in town and have
  got tickets for all of you.

14
Pattern Drills

• Drill E
• link v. predicative
• verbs used in this pattern be, become, get.
  Grow, feel, fall, seem, look, smell, taste, turn,
  etc.
• 1) --- Have you seen your niece lately?
• --- Yes, in fact I saw her yesterday. K
  hadnt seen her for three years. Shes grown so
  tall I hardly recognized her.
• 2) --- I hear shes been taken ill.
• --- Yes, Ive been to see her. She feels
  much better now.
• 3) The Fragrant Hills look beautiful now that
  the leaves have turned red. Lets go there on
  Sunday. Ill think it over.
• 4) --- How do you like the fish?
• --- It smells good and tastes even better.

15
Text The Discoverer of X-rays

• If you break your arm or leg, the doctor will
  probably send you to hospital to have an X-ray
  photograph taken to find out just where the
  fracture is and what kind of break it is. If a
  small child swallows a coin or some other hard
  thing, as sometimes happens, the doctor will take
  an Z-ray photograph to find out just where the
  object has got to in the childs body. Every
  hospital has an X-ray department, and doctors now
  depend on these photographs for giving them
  information about their patients. Dentists also
  take X-rays of peoples jaws to find out if there
  is anything wrong with a tooth which cannot be
  detected by external examination.
• X-ray were first discovered by a German
  scientist, Wilhelm Konrad Rontgen, in 1895,
  almost by accident. He and several other
  scientists were experimenting with passing
  electric currents through certain gases in a
  special glass tube from which the sir had been
  removed. One day Rontgen noticed that, even when
  the tube was covered with black paper, some
  strange kind of radiation was coming through and
  making a screen nearby glow. Rontgen could not
  see anything coming out of the tube, but then he
  discovered that if he put the screen in the next
  room on the other side of a closed door, the rays
  still seemed to affect it. The glowing screen
  showed that the rays could pass not only through
  black paper but also through wood.

16

• The next thing he found out was that if he put
  his hand between the rays and a photographic
  plate, the rays would print a shadow of the bony
  framework of his hand on the plate. In fact, the
  rays could pass as easily through the fleshy part
  of his hand as through the black paper, but
  hardly at all through the bone. So Rontgen made
  the first X-ray picture of a hand, showing just
  how the bones in the hand first together.
• When Rontgen wrote an account of what he had
  discovered, he called these new rays X-rays, for
  X is a symbol often used for something which is
  not yet understood. Other scientists called them
  Rontgen rays in honor of the man who first found
  them, but X-ray is the name always used now.
• Rontgen went on to try to find out more about
  these strange invisible rays. It appeared that
  they travel in a straight line, as light rays
  travel but that they are not bent, as light is,
  when passing through glass or water. He gradually
  came to realize that X-rays, like light waves,
  are electromagnetic radiations, but that their
  wave-lengths are extremely short. This is why
  they are invisible to our eyes.

17

• As well as being used for taking photographs,
  X-rays are also used for treating diseased parts
  of the body in order to kill the disease. So
  today doctors can find out by X-rays whether a
  patient has tuberculosis, for example, or cancer,
  in time to be able to cure it, and then they also
  use X-rays to destroy the cancer. X-rays can be
  used for studying many other things as well as
  human bodies. Engineers use them, for example, to
  find out how metal objects are internally
  structured in order to check whether there are
  any flaws in the, and whether they will be strong
  enough for their purpose.

18
Notes to the Text

• 1. and doctors now depend on these photographs
  for giving them information about their
  patients..
• to depend on --- to have as a support get
  help from rely on (or upon) for help.
• e.g. Children depend on their parents for
  food and clothing.
• 2. X-ray were first discovered almost by
  accident.
• by accident --- by chance, not on purpose
• e.g. I met an old friend by accident.
• 3. He and several other scientists were
  experimenting with passing electric currents
  through certain bases in a special glass tube
• to experiment with --- to adopt, use to
  test the effectiveness of or discover the effect
  of
• e.g. The Children were warned not to
  experiment with such dangerous drug as LSD and
  amphetamine.
• Cf. to experiment on/upon to test the
  effectiveness of techniques, drugs, etc.
• e.g. Antivivisectionists are opposed to
  research which involves experimenting on live
  animals.

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• 4 the rays still seemed to affect it.
• affect v. to have an effect on to influence
  (the object is the change or result of the
  influence)
• e.g. The small amount of rain last year
  affected the growth of crops.
• effect v. to cause or bring about (the object
  is the change or result of the influence)
• e.g. The new coach effected a marked change in
  the students attitude toward sports.
• n. the result of the influence
• e.g. Overwork had a serious effect on his
  health.
• 5.. showing how the bones in the hand fit
  together.
• --- showing how the bones in the hand were
  constructed internally.
• 6.. When Rontgen wrote an account of what he had
  discovered,
• --- When Rontgen described what he had
  discovered/his discovery,

20

• account
• a). You must take into good account (
  consideration) the boys long illness.
• b). He is a great football player, by all
  account ( according to what everyone, the
  papers, etc, say).
• c). The problem is of great/no account (
  importance).
• d). He had to stay inside on account of
  (because of) the rain.
• e). On no account should you go there. /Dont
  go there on any account (not or any reason).
• 7. in honour of/ in sbs honour --- out of
  respect or admiration for sb. or for his
  achievement
• e.g. There were three pictures chosen, hanging
  on the far wall, especially chosen in your
  honour.
• 8. It appeared that when passing through glass
  or water.
• --- It seemed that X-rays travel in straight
  lines as light rays do but it doesnt have the
  property of being bent as light does when it
  passes through glass or water.
• 9. As well aw being used for taking photographs,
  X-rays are also used for treating diseased parts
  of the body in order to kill the disease.
• --- X-rays are not only used for taking
  photographs, but also for treating diseased parts
  of the body so as to cure the patient.

21
Oral and Written Work

• 1. Interviewing Mr. Jackson
• On Friday, 5 April, 1991, Mr Jackson
  was walking down Norfolk Street when a traffic
  accident happened. A car knocked down a woman and
  hit a lamppost. Paul, a reporter from The Sun, is
  here interviewing him. Mr. Jackson is hard of
  hearing and his wife, Mrs Jackson, has to repeat
  Pauls questions and her husbands answers.
• Whoever takes the role of Mr Jackson
  has to imagine that he was at the scene of the
  accident and give as many details as possible.
• 2. Group discussion
• 1) Why is the discovery of X-rays so
  important?
• 2) What would it be like if X-rays were
  unknown to mankind?

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• 3. Open dialogue
• Mr and Mrs Scott are at the airport to meet
  their daughter, but she hasnt arrived.
• Mr Scott Perhaps we got the date wrong. Have a
  look again at the telegram.
• Mrs Scott _____________________________________
  ______.
• Mr Scott Do you remember what date she said
  she was leaving New York?
• Mrs Scott ____________________________________
  _________.
• Mr Scott But thats American time. We lose a
  day according to the time here.
• Mrs Scott ____________________________________
  ___________.
• Mr Scott Are you sure thats what she said in
  the telegram?
• Mrs Scott _____________________________________
  __________.
• Mr Scott Then something must have happened.
• Mrs Scott _____________________________________
  __________.
• 4. Written work
• Write an outline of the text first and then
  summarize it in no more than 100 words.

23
Grammar

• Indirect Speech (I)
• There are two ways of relating what a person
  has said direct and indirect.
• In direct speech we repeat the original
  speakers exact words
• He said I am writing a letter.
• In indirect speech we give the exact meaning
  of a remark or a speech, without necessarily
  using the speakers exact words
• He said that he was writing a letter.
• Indirect speech is usually used in reporting
  conversation, though direct speech is sometimes
  used here to give a more life-like effect.
• 1. Statements in indirect speech
• 1) When the reporting verb is in the present,
  present perfect, or future tense, there is no
  change of tense in the words reported.
• 2) Indirect speech is usually introduced by a
  verb in the past. Verbs in the direct speech
  normally go back one tense from what was said
  originally.

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• The changes are shown in the following table
• Direct
  Indirect
• Present Indefinite
  Past Indefinite
• Present Continuous
  Past Continuous
• Present Perfect
  Past Perfect
• Future Tense
  Future in the Past
• Shall and Will
  Should and Would
• Conditional
  Perfect Conditional
• 3) Adverbs of time and place and a few other
  expressions change as follows
• Direct
  Indirect
• today
  that day
• yesterday
  the day before
• tomorrow
  the next day, the following day
• next week/ year, etc.
  the following week/ year, etc.
• a year ago
  a year before/ the previous year
• here
  there
• now
  then
• this
  that
• these
  those

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Exercises

• 1.Read
• Rhythmic Pattern 1 o O o o (O stands for a
  stressed syllable.)
• a lot of it I think it is.
  Its possible.
• a friend of mine They knew it was.
  Its beautiful.
• a pair of them Wed like you to.
  Its used to be.
• He lent me one. He borrowed it.
  Shes used to it.
• Shes finished it. Ive heard of it.
  Ive paid for it.
• 2. Put the direct into indirect speech
• 1) John said, Its one of the most
  interesting tours Ive ever had.
• 2) The postman said, There are a couple of
  letters with wrong addresses.
• 3) He held out his hand and said. My name is
  Carl Wong.
• 4) Joan said to me, Come and meet some of my
  friends tomorrow night.

26

• 5) Professor Smith said, Im thinking of
  spending one month in Japan and three month in
  China nest year.
• 6) The lecture said to the class, Alexander
  Fleming was awarded the Nobel Prized for Medicine
  in 1945.
• 7) The elderly woman said with feeling, Ive
  never met a kinder person.
• 8) Robert told the reporter, I was looking
  into the shop window when I heard a crash behind
  me. I turned round and found that a car had
  collided with a truck.
• 3. Translation the following sentences, using
  first direct and then indirect speech
• 1) ???????????????
• 2)????????????
• 3)???????????????
• 4)???????????????????
• 5)?????????????,??????
• 6)????????????????????

27

• 4. Put the best word in the blanks
• swallow remove
  discover affect glow
• eat move
  invent influence shine
• 1). The restaurant has been _____ to a new place
  which is closer to town.
• 2). He polished his shoes until they ____.
• 3). The flood was the worst for years and ----
  large areas south of the Yangtze.
• 4). The driver had to ____ the road block in
  order to pass.
• 5). When he first learned to swim, he ____ a lot
  of water.
• 6). The logs ____ in the fireplace gave the room
  a very cozy feeling.
• 7).Alexander Graham Bell ____ the telephone in
  1876.
• 8) It was Christopher Columbus who ____ America
  in 1498.
• 9) He was very much ____ by Rousseau when he was
  at university.
• 10). The head of the bureau was ____ from office
  because he was involved in smuggling.

28

• 5. Rewrite the following sentences, using one of
  the words or expressions below
• by accident account remove from
  detect in honour of
• fit together experiment with come
  to realize in time
• 1) Although be examined the products very
  carefully, he failed to find some of the flaws.
• 2) Rontgen had not expected to discover the new
  rays.
• 3) After he took the instrument to pieces, he
  found it hard to put them together again.
• 4) The biggest library at Oxford was named
  Bodleian Library to show respect for Sir Thoms
  Bodley, who founded it in 1602.
• 5) He told us about his adventure at sea.
• 6) She came to know why there was so much gossip
  about her.
• 7) We arrived about five minutes before the
  concert began.
• 8) Lao Liu was very eager to try out some of his
  new ideas.
• 9) He was told to leave his post because he had
  neglected his duties.
• 10) One can hardly find out ones own mistakes in
  pronunciation.

29
Test

• I. Vocabulary and structure
• Multiple Choices
• 1. A bird in the hand is worth two in the _____.
• A. trees B. bush
  C. forest D. cage
• 2. The best way to _____ your vocabulary is to
  read widely.
• A. spread B. extend
  C. expand D. enrich
• 3. It _____ on Helen Keller that everything had
  a name.
• A. occurred B. downed
  C. dawned D. hit
• 4. Drop _____ whenever you have time. You are
  always welcome.
• A. in B. down
  C. off D. out
• 5. You can find his office number in a
  telephone _____.
• A. book B. directory
  C. record D. operator

30

• 6. You had better keep him at _____ length he
  is dishonest.
• A. hands B. fingers
  C. arms D. legs
• 7. Those endowed _____ ingenuity and
  industry had more prospects of survival at that
  time.
• A. at B. with
  C. for D. on
• 8. It was ____ the drivers carelessness
  that the accident happened.
• A. through B. for
  C. because D. with
• 9. I was _____ when I learned that they
  turned down your application.
• A. regret B. regretted
  C. regretful D. regrettable
• 10. I was _____ impressed by his highly
  developed _____ of humor.
• A. idea B. feeling
  C. sense D. emotion
• 11. Nobody but Henry and Jack _____ in the
  accident.
• A. was hurt B. were hurt
  C. has hurt D. have hurt
• 12. You have overworked yourself. _____ a
  holiday to relax?
• A. Why not to go on
  B. Why dont go on
• C. Why dont have
  D. Why not go on

31

• 13. I like our new math teacher, and Jeff
  _____, too.
• A. does B. like
  C .does so D. will like
• 14. Lets go for a walk , _______?
• A. shall we B. will you
  C. wont you D. shant we
• 15. He knows that I said it, _____?
• A. didnt I B. does he
  C. did I D. doesnt he
• 16. Frank was seldom late for work, ______?
• A. wasnt he B. was he
  C. is he D. isnt he
• 17. ______he advised me to do applies to you
  all.
• A. What B. That
  C. How D. Why
• 18. It was in Britain ______ he got his Ph.
  D.
• A. where B. in which
  C. that D. there
• 19. _____ he failed to attend the important
  meeting is not yet known.
• A. What B. When
  C. Where D. Why
• 20. I wonder whether our life _____
  considerably by 2010.
• A. will change
  B. will be changing
• C. will have to change
  D. will have changed

32
Chinese Translation of the Text

• X??????
• ??????????,??????????? X??,
  ???????????????????????????(????????),?????
  X??,???????????????????X ??,???
  ?????????????????????????? X??,???????????????
• X??????????????W.K.???????????????????
  ????????????????,????????????????????????????????,
  ?????,??????????,??????????????,??????????????????
  ???????????????????,???????????????????,??????????
  ???????????,???????????,????????

33

• ??????,????????????????,????????????????
  ???????,?????????????????????????,???????????????,
  ??????????????????? ???
• ??????????,??????????X ??,??
  X????????????????????????????????????????X
  ??????????????
• ??,???????????????????????????????????
  ???????,??????????????????????????,
  X???????,?????,????????,?????????????????????
• X??????????,???????????????????????,???
  ????? X????????????????,???????????,??????X???????
  X ????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ?????,????????????