HYMENOPTERA

1
HYMENOPTERA (wasps, bees, ants)
2
So far in classification
Exopterygota
Head with gula
Neuropteroid Orders
mandibulate
Hymenoptera
Diptera
2
Neoptera
Wings
larvae without legs
4
Mecoptera
Head without gula
Siphonaptera
No wings
rostrate
- Lepidoptera
Wings with scales
Mecopteroid orders
larvae with legs
- Trichoptera
Wings with hairs
3
Hexapod Orders
Hymenoptera
Hymen - membrane, ptera - wing
Number of Species
125,000
Common names
Wasps, bees, ants
Typical habitats
Diverse
Distinguishing characteristics
-hamulae for wing coupling -ovipositor modified
as stinger
-constricted waist -aposematic colouration
Other features
4
Importance
Pollination
Biological control
5
Distinguishing Features
1) Mouthparts
6
Distinguishing Features
2) Wing coupling
hamulae
7
Distinguishing Features
3) Abdominal modifications
Narrow waist
8
Distinguishing Features
3) Abdominal modifications
9
Distinguishing Features
First abdominal segment (propodeum)
3) Abdominal modifications
10
Distinguishing Features
3) Abdominal modifications - Stingers
Tergum 9
gonoplac
first gonapophysis (lancet)
second gonapophysis (stylet)
11
Distinguishing Features
3) Abdominal modifications - Stingers
second gonapophysis (stylet)
first gonapophysis (lancet)
12
Distinguishing Features
4) Social structure
Workers
Males (drones)
Queen
13
Distinguishing Features
4) Social structure
Comparison with Isoptera
Hymenoptera
Isoptera
Worker is adult
Worker is nymph
Drone is N
Whole colony is 2N
King is part of colony
Drone is for fertilization only
Soldier is specialized worker
No specialized worker classes
14
Hymenoptera - Classification
2 Suborders
1) Symphyta (sawflies)
- no waist
15
Hymenoptera - Classification
2 Suborders
2) Apocrita
- waist - includes most Hymenoptera
Parasitica (piercing forms)
Aculeata (stinging forms)
16
Hymenoptera - Classification
Vespoidea
Symphyta
Sphecoidea
Formicoidea
Ichneumonoidea
Apoidea
Chalcidoidea
Parasitica
Aculeata
Free living
Parasitoids
Apocrita
waist
No waist
Hymenoptera
17
Hymenoptera - Classification
Superfamilies
1) Formicoidea - ants
Formicidae
18
Hymenoptera - Classification
Superfamilies
1) Formicoidea - ants
Formicidae
Carpenter ant
Army ants
Leafcutter ants
19
Hymenoptera - Classification
Superfamilies
2) Apoidea - bees
Bumblebee
Honey bee
Sweat bee
20
Hymenoptera - Classification
Superfamilies
3) Vespoidea - wasps, hornets, yellowjackets
Yellowjacket
Paperwasp
Baldfaced Hornet
21
Hymenoptera - Classification
Superfamilies
3) Vespoidea - Nests
Yellowjacket
Baldfaced Hornet
22
Hymenoptera - Classification
Superfamilies
3) Vespoidea - Nests
Paperwasp (Polistes)
23
Hymenoptera - Classification
Superfamilies
4) Sphecoidea - digger wasps, mud daubers,
potters
Digger wasp
Potter wasp
Mud dauber wasp
24
Hymenoptera - Classification
Superfamilies
4) Sphecoidea - nests
Digger wasp
Potter wasp
Mud dauber wasp
25
Hymenoptera - Classification
Vespoidea
Symphyta
Sphecoidea
Formicoidea
Ichneumonoidea
Apoidea
Chalcidoidea
Parasitica
Aculeata
Free living
Parasitoids
Apocrita
waist
No waist
Hymenoptera
26
Hymenoptera - Classification
Superfamilies - Parasitica
5) Chalcidoidea
27
Hymenoptera - Classification
Superfamilies - Parasitica

• Ichneumonoidea