RFID Fitness Tracking Database System

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RFID Fitness Tracking Database System
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Introduction

• RFID technology
• Tags emit waves that are received by an interface
• Database analyzes and organizes the information
  received
• Medical research used to analyze the users health

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RFID Technology
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Basics

• Use of EM (radio) waves to send/receive signals
  between a transponder or RF tag and transceiver
  (with decoder)
• Antennas exist in many shapes, can be built into
  doorways, tollbooths, etc. EMF can be constantly
  present or activated by sensor
• Consist of IC built into tag that can be used to
  read and/or write

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Passive RFID

• Reflects/absorbs small amount of energy from
  readers signal to generate its own signal, ie.,
  no battery
• Reader must produce large amt. of power
• Small range (lt3m)- only produces power within
  reader range, tag can only transmit very weak
  signal
• No sensor capability- can only read/transfer
  sensor values when within readers range
• Small amt. power means that it can only
  read/write small amt. of data
• about 128 bytes
• Lower cost, longer life than active RFID tags

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Active RFID

• Built in battery which generates continuous power
• Reader signal need not power tag which means a
  lower required signal strength is required by the
  tag
• Tag can produce a strong signal which results in
  large range (gt100m)
• Can continuously monitor/record sensor input
• Can utilize date/time stamp for sensor events
  (important for lap times)
• Large read/write data storage (128Kb) results in
  sophisticated data processing ability

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Frequency Characteristics

• Range, cost, functionality is dependent on
  frequency of EM wave used
• Lower frequencies necessary for traveling around
  obstructions and traveling shorter distances
  slower reading speeds, low cost
• Medium frequencies used for traveling medium
  distances, medium reading speeds
• High frequencies can travel large distances and
  have fast reading speeds, but must have clear
  line of site and are expensive

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Modern Uses of RFID

• RFID is very versatile technology its use is
  expected to grow exponentially in the next
  several years as prices decline
• Basic categories
• a) transportation and logistics
• b) manufacturing and processing
• c) security
• These categories are not definitive in any way.
  Other examples are
• a) postal tracking
• b) electronic monitoring of offenders at home
• c) sport time recording many more

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Race Timing Systems

• RFID Race Timing Systems
• Low Frequency Tags
• 134 kHz
• Ankle Band Attachment
• Antenna Mats
• Control Box
• Palm Pilot
• HotSync Connection

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Race Timing Systems

• ChampionChip System
• Low Frequency Tags
• 134 kHz
• Shoelace Attachment
• Antenna Mats
• Control Box
• PC
• RS 232 Cable

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Conference Proceedings
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Why RFID?

• Accuracy 99.9
• Can be received if not facing reader
• Not dangerous
• Can be connected to pulse oximeter
• Does not require operator

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Who uses RFID?

• Healthcare
• Pharmaceutical
• Manufacturing
• Consumer packaged goods
• Retail

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Why RFID is not widely used?

• Systems from different vendors are not compatible
• Closed-loop systems
• Cost
• Systems 1,000
• Tags 0.25

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Heart Rate
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How to find max heart Rate

• This is important because this information is
  used to find percent at which you are exercising.
• Formula for males
• 210 - .5(your age) - 5(your weight) 4
• Formula for females
• 210 - .5(your age) 1(your Weight)

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• There is five different zones as far as
  exercising your body goes.
• 50 to 60 of you max heart rate
• 60 to 70 of you max heart rate
• 70 to 80 of you max heart rate
• 80 to 90 of your max heart rate
• 90 to 100 of your max heart rate
• The different zones represent different levels
  that you are exercising at.

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50 to 60 of max heart rate

• This is the most comfortable zone it can be
  achieved by walking at a steady pace.
• This zone has many benefits such as strengthening
  your heart and improving muscle mass while
  reducing your body fat, cholesterol, blood
  pressure.
• In this zone you get healthier but not more fit,
  it will not increase endurance or strength.

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60 to 70 of max heart rate

• This zone is reached by jogging slowly even
  though this is a relatively low level of effort.
• At this zone the body increases the amount of fat
  released from the cells to your muscles.
• This is called that fat burning zone because up
  to 85 of the total calories burned in this zone
  are fat calories. The other 15 are
  carbohydrates.
• It develops basic endurance and aerobic capacity.

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70 to 80 of max heart rate

• This zone is reached by running easily. At this
  rate you improve your functional capacity.
• Other positives include the number and size of
  your blood vessels actually increases. Also,
  your lung capacity, respiratory rate, and your
  heart increases in size and strength so you can
  exercise longer before becoming fatigued.
• The body is still metabolizing fats and
  carbohydrates at a 50 to 50 ratio of percentage.

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80 to 90 of max heart rate

• This zone is reached by running at a fast pace.
  At this point you get faster and fitter but you
  are changing from aerobic to anaerobic training.
• The body shouldnt be induced to this zone of
  heart rate for more than an hour. This is
  because after that amount of time of working out
  anaerobicly, your muscle can no longer function
  without oxygen.
• Muscles protect themselves by not maintaining
  this intensity level.

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90 to 100 of max heart rate

• This is the equivalent of running all out
  basically a sprint. This zone is basically for
  short amounts of time.
• This zone cant be maintained for long. If
  athletes try to stay in this zone the possibility
  of injuries is greatly increased.

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Blood Pressure

• Exercise lowers blood pressure significantly.
• By lowering your blood pressure you can greatly
  reduce your chances of heart disease.
• So our system will have a monitor of the persons
  blood pressure also.

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Weight Exercise
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Calories to Fat

• When calorie intake gt Calories needed for
  maintenance calories needed for current
  activity ? excess calories stored as fat
• When burning more calories than are consumed
  lose fat
• Causes fat to be broken down to supply energy
  for the activity

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• Fat storage areas are dictated by heredity
• If you exercise a particular part of the body,
  muscle tissue under the fat will become firm and
  make the overall appearance of that region look
  better. However, such specific exercise will not
  reduce the quantity of fat within the area.
• Brian Mackenzie
• The fat used for the energy to perform the
  exercise may come instead from other areas of the
  body.

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Energy Usage
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Energy Usage

• Basic Terms
• Process of Energy Usage
• Energy and Exercise

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Basic Terms

• ATP? the complex chemical formed from energy
  released from food that powers bodily functions
• ATP is stored in all cells, especially muscles
• Breakdown of ATP ADP energy

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• Phosphate-Creatine ? chemical stored in muscle,
  breaks down to help manufacture ATP
• ADP PC ? ATP
• Lactic Acid ? metabolite of the lactic acid
  system
• Formed from the incomplete breakdown of glucose
• Excessive lactate production contributes to
  fatigue
• Protons released during lactate production
  restrict further performance

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• If O2 is present then aerobic respiration occurs
• ATP is produced aerobically
• ATP synthesized from food, mainly proteins, fats
  and carbohydrates (glycogen)
• Main energy source for endurance activities

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Process of Energy Use

• ATP is produced using glucose stored in the
  bloodstream.
• Glycogen in muscles is also broken to produce
  ATP.
• ATP is produced through the complete oxidation of
  carbohydrates and free fatty acids in the
  mitochondria.

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• Breakdown of glucose Pyruvic Acid ATP
• Aerobic conditions ? pyruvic acid converts to
  CO2, H2O, and ATP
• Anaerobic conditions ? pyruvic acid is converted
  to lactic acid
• O2 lactic acid ? pyruvic acid ?CO2, H2O, and ATP

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Lactic Acid

• 1 hydrogen ion is formed for each Lactate
  molecule formed during anaerobic respiration
• H ions make muscles acidic
• Halts muscle function
• Slows down enzyme activity ( therefore the
  breakdown of glucose)
• Aggravates nerve endings pain
• Increases irritation of the central nervous
  system
• (4) Lactic acid builds up in muscles when
  exercising 85-90 MHR

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Exercise and Oxygen

• Exercise need for extra oxygen in muscles
• Blood vessels dilate in muscles
• Blood flow is increased to the muscles.
• Excess Post-exercise Oxygen Consumption (EPOC) ?
  oxygen consumed after exercise stops that is
  excess of a pre-exercise baseline level
• low intensity, aerobic exercise ? half total EPOC
  30 seconds after exercise has stopped Oxygen
  uptake returns to the pre-exercise level in
  several minutes
• strenuous exercise ? EPOC may require 24 hours or
  more

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Workout Intensity Energy Sources

• High intensity workouts ? carbohydrates
• limited amount of glycogen can be stored in
  muscles sustainable only for short periods of
  time
• Low intensity workouts ? fat
• large stores of fat sustainable for long
  periods of time