Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

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Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
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Knowing the taxonomy of a bee assists in knowing
many aspects of its ecology and natural history-
where it nests, for example, and how it may be
affected by climate.
Bee experts are too few to provide identification
services all around the world. Furthermore, a
beginner trying to identify bees faces immense
challenges. Yet this taxonomic impediment is not
insurmountable.
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
3

• Needs of end-users
• User-friendly tools
• Proposed process of incorporating catalogues,
  keys, and barcoding in the Global Pollination
  Project
• Pollination Information Management System

Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
4
Needs of end-users
a. Immediate, generalised information b.
Natural history information nesting habits,
floral associates c. Geographic distribution d.
User-friendly means of identification, often only
to genus.
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
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• 1. Needs of end-users Immediate, generalised
  information

Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
6

• 1. Needs of end-users Natural history
  information

Names are only important to end-users as a means
of accessing information on what a bee needs, to
survive nesting requirements, food sources,
environmental tolerances
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
7

• 1. Needs of end-users Geographic distributions

Pruning identification tools to make them
relevant to specific locations and regions may be
the most helpful ways to make identification
tools relevant to end-users.
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
8

• 1. Needs of end-users User-friendly means of
  identification, often only to genus

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2. User-friendly tools Web-based, illustrated
identification guides
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
10

2. User-friendly tools Web-based, illustrated
identification guides
It is possible, with newly developed tools to
create locally relevant, well-illustrated
interactive keys for each region where bee
identifications are required.
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
11

Quality of illustrations will greatly assist
non-experts to understand diagnostic features
2. User-friendly tools Web-based, illustrated
identification guides
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
12

2. User-friendly tools Web-based, illustrated
identification guides
Status of development of web-based, illustrated
identification guides to Apoidea (informal
survey)
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations
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• 3. Proposed process of incorporating catalogues,
  keys, and barcoding in the Global Pollination
  Project

Keys are made by people who dont need them, for
people who dont use them or something like
that Laurence Packer, 2008
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Coordinated by the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations
14

• 3. Proposed process of incorporating catalogues,
  keys, and barcoding in the Global Pollination
  Project

A bee barcoding initiative is made by people who
need it, for people who will use it in wise
combination with other user-friendly tools, like
keys and guides or something like that
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
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4. Pollination Information Management
System What are the pollination needs of a
particular crop?? What is the current
understanding of managing pollination for this
crop?? What studies have been carried out on the
pollination of this crop? What is known about
the pollinators of this crop? What
pollinator-friendly practices can promote the
conservation and? management of the
pollinators of this crop???
Pollination Information Management System
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Coordinated by the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations
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Crop Pollination Needs
Klein et al., 2007
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
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Organization of the United Nations
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Crop Pollination Needs
Capsicum annuum Chilli peppers
Capsicum annuum Chili peppers
The production of Chile peppers, C. annuum, )
increases in production when visited by animal
pollinators. Chile peppers (or red, bell or
green peppers) have a hermaphroditic,
self-compatible breeding system. This means that
the flowers have both male and female parts, and
can fertilise themselves, as well as receive
pollen from other flowers. In general, Chile
peppers need wind- or insect-mediated shaking to
be able to self-pollinate. In the absence of any
visiting pollinators, the crop may be capable of
some passive self-pollination. The impact of
animal pollinators is estimated to be great.

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Existing Knowledge Base
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
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Existing Knowledge Base
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
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Pollination Bibliography
Bibliographic Database More than 700
references on crop pollination from John Free
book 300 references accompanying the Klein,
Royal Society paper Bibliographic databases
assembled by GEF Project Partners in Brazil,
Ghana, India, Kenya, Nepal, Pakistan and South
Africa, including grey literature and student
theses (around 1500 publications databased from
Brazil alone)
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Pollination Glossary and Thesaurus
Allogamy Part of speech noun,
singular Definition fertilisation by pollen
from a different flower
Global Action on Pollination Services for
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Pollination Glossary and Thesaurus
Related Term
Autogamy Part of speech noun,
singular Definition self-fertilisation within
a flower without the need of a pollinator
Allogamy Part of speech noun,
singular Definition fertilisation by pollen
from a different flower
Global Action on Pollination Services for
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Pollinator Life History and Interactions
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Pesticide Toxicity to Bees -- Review underway
of the current status of information on pesticide
toxicities for pollinators (multiple assessment
systems, some purely scientific, some
regulatory-based- what are the commonalities, and
what is the best available information not just
for honeybees, but other taxa of bees?
Global Action on Pollination Services for
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Conclusion Consolidating the current knowledge
base on management of pollination services, and
making this accessible to field practitioners is
the first, and most fundamental step, in building
human capacity to secure the benefits of
biodiversity for improved management of
pollination services.
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Coordinated by the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations
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Acknowledgements The International Steering
Committee of the Global Pollination Project has
proposed the concept of the PIMS. The design of
the PIMS has been supported by the UNEP/GEF and
the government of Norway Arthur Chapman
(Australian Biodiversity Information Services and
Renato de Giovanni (CRIA, Brazil) have developed
the design guidelines that the FAO information
technology division are implementing. The
compilation of databases is underway through
collaborations between FAO and Rachel Kagoiya,
Kenya (bibliography) University of Queensland
(glossary), University of Reading (Bee Species
pages) and Oregan State University (Pesticide
Toxicity to Bees database).
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Coordinated by the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations
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The End (User) Pollination Services
Global Action on Pollination Services for
Sustainable Agriculture
Coordinated by the Food and Agriculture
Organization of the United Nations