Lipids

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Lipids
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Types of Lipids

• Fatty Acids
• Triglycerides
• Phospholipids
• Sphingolipids
• Glycolipids
• Steroids
• Lipid Soluble Vitamins

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Fatty Acids that occur in organisms usually
contain an even number of carbon atoms.

• Examples
• Lauric Acid 12 carbons CH3(CH2)10CO2H
• Myristic Acid 14 CH3(Ch2)12CO2H
• Palmitic Acid 16 CH3 (Ch2)14CO2H
• Stearic Acid 18 CH3 (Ch2)16CO2H
• Arachidic Acid 20 CH3 (Ch2)18CO2H

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Saturated Fatty Acids have no double bonds and
are saturated with hydrogen.Unsaturated Fatty
Acids have double bonds.
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Cis and Trans Fatty Acids
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Cis vs-Trans Shapes
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What exactly are trans fats and why are they bad
for you?

• Trans fats are not usually naturally occuring.
• They are created by adding hydrogen and pressure
  to vegetable oil to produce products like crisco.
  history
• Trans Fats increase LDL cholesterol levels
  thereby increasing the risk of clogged arteries.
• -Atherosclerosis

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HDL and LDL Cholesterol

• LDLs are low density lipoprotein.
• They tend to stick to the inner arteries.
• HDLs are high density lipoprotein.
• They tend to travel to the liver to be processed
  and broken down. HDLs can also carry LDLs.

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Atherosclerosis of the Arteries
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Severely Atherosclerotic Coronary Artery
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What is worse saturated fat or trans unsaturated
fat?

• Saturated fats build up LDLs.
• Trans unsaturated fat build up LDLs and reduce
  HDLs.
• They are both bad but trans unsaturated fats are
  worse.

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Foods Containing Saturated Fats

• meats
• cheeses
• butter
• egg yolks
• palm oil
• coconut oil
• baked goodscookies, pastries, crackers

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Foods Containing UnsaturatedTrans Fats

• margarine
• shortening
• fried food
• pastries
• chips
• crackers
• cereal

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Foods Containing Unsaturated Cis Fats

• fish
• flax seed oil
• canola oil
• safflower oil
• sunflower oil
• nuts
• avocados