Age of Exploration

1
Age of Exploration

• The First Global Age
• 1415-1796

2
Characteristics of Explorers

• Intelligent academic and common sense
• Leadership Skills
• Determined/Self-Motivated
• Brave/Bold
• Curious
• Good communication skills
• Strong physically and mentally

3
Reasons for Exploration

• God Spread religion and halt Islam
• Gold wealth and riches
• Glory or Fame
• Greed
• New territory /Expansion
• Knowledge
• Independence/New Rights

4
New Technology

• Hourglass
• Compass
• Astrolabe
• Cartographer/ New Maps
• Lateen sails
• Rudder
• Caravel

5
Life Aboard a Ship

• 4- hour shifts
• Religion at the beginning and end
• One hot meal a day
• Ships covered 90-100 miles a day
• Navigation equipment
• Weapons
• Food water, wine, olive oil, anchovies, dried
  pork, cheese
• Trade cloth, combs, mirrors, brass bowls,
  fishhooks, glass beads

6
Diseases

• Dysentery Large intestines has diarrhea and
  cramps
• Malaria fever from mosquitoes
• Malnutrition
• Scurvy deficiency of vitamin C, spongy gums with
  ruptured blood vessels
• Typhus from body lice, causes fever, aches and
  delirium

7
Scurvy
8
Examples of Monuments

9
Creating Two Monuments from European and Native
Perspectives

• Sculptor Gets ideas from all group members in
  creating and designing monuments. Answer How
  can we make monuments that clearly represent how
  Europeans and native peoples' felt about our
  explorer.Creates a rough sketch for the teacher
  review.
• Plaque Writer Leads discussion about title of
  each monument. Make a list of key ideas from the
  information/research. Writes the title and
  inscription.
• Cartographer Locates and creates a map of the
  explorers route on a large piece of paper.
• Spokesperson Introduces explorer, his route, and
  his reasons for exploration before displaying the
  monument. Responsible for explaining the groups
  monuments and titles during the presentation and
  answers any questions about the monuments.
• All become part of the monument
• Read textbook and research information and
  brainstorm ideas for the two perspectives

10
Portugal Leads the way

• Prince Henry starts school in Sagres
• Traveled along African coast
• 1487, rounded Africa
• 1498, reached Asia
• Goods 1/5 costs of Arabs
• Pedro Cabral reached tip of S. America

11
Spain enters the race

• Spain is jealous of neighbor
• Portugal fears Spain claiming land they were
  entitled
• Columbus sails west to get east in 1492

12
Line of Demarcation in 1494 Pope Alexander VI

13
Competition among Europeans

• Dutch challenge Portuguese in the Indian Ocean
  created a monopoly in the Spice Islands
• Form Joint Stock companies that coin money, make
  treaties and raise armies
• England and France looking for the Northwest
  Passage
• France never established a stronghold, but set up
  fur trading/trapping under Louis XIV
• Jacques Cartier sailed the St. Lawrence River
• Samuel de Champlain built the first French
  settlement

14
English settle the New World

• Queen Elizabeth sends seadogs, Sir Frances Drake,
  to attack Spanish ships
• Colonies 1607, Jamestown, Virginia and 1620,
  Plymouth, Mass.
• Establish 13 colonies for religious freedoms, and
  economic reasons

15
British-French Rivalry

• French and Indian War (1754-1763) also known as
  the Seven Years War
• 1763 Treaty of Paris
• English control North America east of the
  Mississippi River

16
Native Reaction

• Die due to disease and warfare (superior weapons)
• Used for labor
• Converted to Christianity
• Conflict with other natives or Europeans due to
  population increase
• Slavery introduced

17
Triangular Trade
18
Middle Passage

• 3000 miles kept in small spaces, chained
  together and whipped
• By 1800s 11 million slaves in the new world
• 2 million died on voyage
• Caused decline of some African states
• Contributions culture, growth of colonies,
  farming expertise