Learning goals: Lecture 5, Biological Diversity Finish Invertebrates, Vertebrates

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Learning goals Lecture 5, Biological Diversity
(Finish Invertebrates, Vertebrates)
Readings Chapters 33 (finish) and 34
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Annelids Nematodes
Arthropods, Echinoderms Vertebrates (Ch.
34) Chordates and craniates Vertebrates
Gnathostomes Tetrapods, Amniotes, Mammals. Aves,
Primates  
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Specific readings Fig. 33.23, p. 654, read p.
653, Annelids are segmented worms Fig. 33.4, p.
655, Fig. 33.25, p. 655. In cases like this, you
need to know that Phylum Annelida contains
leeches and segmented marine worns as well as
earth worms, but you do not have to k now the
names of the Classes. Fig. 33.26, p. 655. Read
all of Concept 33.6, pp. 655-656, on Phylum
Nematoda. Fig. 33.29, p. 656 Fig. 33.28, p. 656.
Read pp. 656-657, Ceneral Characteristics of
Arthropods. Fig. 33.38, p. 664 Fig. 33.35, p.
660. Read pp. 660-664, Insects. Fig. 33.36, p.
661. Fig. 33.37, pp. 662-663. Know the 4 Orders
pointed out in lecture (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera,
Diptera, and Hymenoptera). Fi. 33.39, p. 665
Fig. 33.40, p. 667. Read pp. 665-666,
Echinoderms and Chordates are deuterostomes,
and Echinoderms. Know what the common names
are for the classes, do not need to know
scientific names. Fig. 34.1, p. 671. A
vertebrate - what we will build up to. Read pp.
671-675, Concept 34.1.
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Specific readings continued Fig. 34.3, p.
673. Fig. 34.4, p. 674. Fig. 34.6, p. 675. Fig.
34.7, p. 677. Read Concept 34.2 pp. 675-676 to
The Origin of Craniates Fig. 34.9, p. 677, Read
pp. 676-677, Hagfish Fig. 34.10, p. 678, Read
pp. 678, Concept 34.3, Derived Characters of
Vertebrates, p. 679, Origins of Bone and
Teeth Fig. 34.13, p. 680. Fig. 34.15, p.
681. Fig. 34.17, p. 683. Fig. 34.18, p. 683, Read
pp. 683-68e, Lobe-fins. Fig. 34.19, p. 684,
Fig. 34.21, p. 685, Read pp. 684-686, Concept
34.5. Fig. 34.25, p. 689, Fig. 34.24, p. 688,
Read Concept 34.6, pp. 687-689, up to The origin
and radiation of reptiles. Fig. 34.27, p. 691.
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Specific readings continued Fig. 34.30, p. 693,
Fig. 34.28, p. 692, Read pp. 691-694,
Birds Fig. 34.32, Read pp. 694-697 (up to
Primates) Fig. 343.33, p. 695. Fig. 34.34, p.
696. Fig. 34.36, p. 699. Know Orders Carnivora,
Primata, Rodentia, Perissodactyla. Fig. 34.39,
Fig. 34.39.
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Figure 33.23 Anatomy of an earthworm -
segmentation gone crazy!
Protostomes, ventral nerve system, dorsal
circulatory system - like molluscs
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Figure 33.24 A polychaete - mostly marine. Note
external paddles for swimming.
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Figure 33.25 A leech
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Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.26 - a nematode - roundworm - external
cuticle needs to be molted for growth.
Protostomes
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Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Ascaris from human intestine (CDC)
Pinworm seen in colonoscopy (Tulane)
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Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.29 - Phylum Arthropoda - external
skeleton, needs to be molted for growth.
Protostomes, ventral nerve system, dorsal
circulatory system - like molluscs
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Figure 33.28 A trilobite fossil
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Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.38 - Crustaceans
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Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.35 - Class Insecta - insects. 3 pairs of
legs, one pair antennae, side-ways operating
mandibles
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Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.36 - metamorphosis
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Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.37 - Orders to know
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Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.37
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Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
deuterostomes
Fig. 33.39 - water vascular system for a
skeleton, but also calcium carbonate structures
in skin
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Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.40 - examples of major groups
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Vertebrates (Ch.34) Chordates Craniates Vertebrate
s Gnathostomes Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals
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Figure 34.1 The vertebrae and skull of a snake, a
terrestrial vertebrate
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Vertebrates (Ch.34) Chordates Craniates Vertebrate
s Gnathostomes Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals
Fig. 34.3. pharynx
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Figure 34.2 Hypothetical phylogeny of chordates
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Vertebrates (Ch.34) Chordates Craniates Vertebrate
s Gnathostomes Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals
Fig. 34.4 - a tunicate, which has chordate
characteristics only in the larval stage
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Figure 34.5 The lancelet Branchiostoma, a
cephalochordate
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Figure 34.6 Expression of developmental genes in
lancelets and vertebrates
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Figure 34.7 The neural crest, embryonic source of
many unique vertebrate characters
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Vertebrates (Ch.34) Chordates Craniates Vertebrate
s Gnathostomes Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals
Fig. 34.9 - a hagfish - only a notochord for a
skeleton
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Figure 34.10 A sea lamprey
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Figure 34.13 Hypothesis for the evolution of
vertebrate jaws
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Vertebrates (Ch.34) Chordates Craniates Vertebrate
s Gnathostomes Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals
Fig. 34.5, Class Chondrichthyes Fig. 34.17 Class
Actinopterygii
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Figure 34.18 A coelacanth (Latimeria)
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Vertebrates (Ch.34) Chordates Craniates Vertebrate
s Gnathostomes Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals
Fig. 34.19 Early tetrapod, derived from
lob-finned fish (a branch of ray-finned
fish) Fig. 34.22 - aquatic life cycle of Class
Amphibia
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Vertebrates (Ch.34) Chordates Craniates Vertebrate
s Gnathostomes Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals
Fig. 34.20 - Class Amphibia
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Figure 34.24 The amniotic egg
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Figure 34.25 A hatching reptile
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Vertebrates (Ch.34) Chordates Craniates Vertebrate
s Gnathostomes Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals
Fig. 34.27 - Class Reptilia
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Figure 34.30 A small sample of living birds
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Vertebrates (Ch.34) Chordates Craniates Vertebrate
s Gnathostomes Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals
Fig. 34.27 - Class Reptilia? - Class Aves
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Figure 34.32 The evolution of the mammalian jaw
and ear bones
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Figure 34.33 Short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus
aculeatus), an Australian monotreme
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Figure 34.34 Australian marsupials
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Vertebrates (Ch.34) Chordates Craniates Vertebrate
s Gnathostomes Tetrapods Amniotes Mammals
Fig. 34.39, 34.40
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Learning goals Lecture 5, Biological Diversity
(Finish Invertebrates, Vertebrates)
Readings Chapters 33 (finish) and 34
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Annelids Nematodes
Arthropods, Echinoderms Vertebrates (Ch.
34) Chordates and craniates Vertebrates
Gnathostomes Tetrapods, Amniotes, Mammals. Aves,
Primates