An introduction to Animal Diversity Ch' 32

1
Learning goals Lecture 4, Biological Diversity
(Animals Part 1)
Readings Chapters 32, 33, and 34 (for lecture 5)
Read all of these, but the parts covered in
lecture are most likely to be on a test.
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges,Cnidarians
Molluscs, Annelids Nematodes Arthropods
An introduction to Animal Diversity (Ch.
32) Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic
eukaryotes with tissues that develop from
embryonic layers Animal body plans The tree of
animals
2
Lecture 4 and 5 specific readings. The entire
reading is Chapters 32, 33, and 34. Fig. 26.22
(we have used this slide several times
before) Fig. 32.2, p. 627. Read pp. 626-627,
Overview, all of Concept 32.1. Fig. 32.3,
32.4 Fig. 32.7, 32.8, 32.9, pp. 630-632. Read
pp. 630-633, Concept 32.3. Note that there are a
few terms in this section that I did not discuss
in lecture, but that I want you to know, like
grade and clade, although I also point out
that we will cover these terms later in the
course. Fig. 32.11, p. 635. Read p. 633, the
part of Concept 32.4 up to the end of Points of
agreement. Fig. 33.4, p. 642. Fig. 33.7, p.644.
Read pp. 643-644, Concept 32.2 up to where
Hydrozoa starts. Fig. 33.6, p. 643 Fig. 33.5, p.
643 Fig. 33.16, p. 650. Read pp. 650-651, the
first section of Concept 33.4. It uses a couple
more terms than I did (e.g., mantle, visceral
mass) please learn these. Fig. 33.18, p.
651, Fig. 33.22, p. 653. Note that I talked
about cephalopods but did not show this slide.
In addition to the slide, read pp. 652-653,
Cephalopods.
3
Specific readings Fig. 33.23, p. 654, read p.
653, Annelids are segmented worms Fig. 33.4, p.
655, Fig. 33.25, p. 655. In cases like this, you
need to know that Phylum Annelida contains
leeches and segmented marine worns as well as
earth worms, but you do not have to k now the
names of the Classes. Fig. 33.26, p. 655. Read
all of Concept 33.6, pp. 655-656, on Phylum
Nematoda. Fig. 33.29, p. 656 Fig. 33.28, p. 656.
Read pp. 656-657, Ceneral Characteristics of
Arthropods. Fig. 33.38, p. 664 Fig. 33.35, p.
660. Read pp. 660-664, Insects. Fig. 33.36, p.
661. Fig. 33.37, pp. 662-663. Know the 4 Orders
pointed out in lecture (Coleoptera, Lepidoptera,
Diptera, and Hymenoptera). Fi. 33.39, p. 665
Fig. 33.40, p. 667. Read pp. 665-666,
Echinoderms and Chordates are deuterostomes,
and Echinoderms. Know what the common names
are for the classes, do not need to know
scientific names. Fig. 34.1, p. 671. A
vertebrate - what we will build up to. Read pp.
671-675, Concept 34.1.
4
Specific readings continued Fig. 34.3, p.
673. Fig. 34.4, p. 674. Fig. 34.6, p. 675. Fig.
34.7, p. 677. Read Concept 34.2 pp. 675-676 to
The Origin of Craniates Fig. 34.9, p. 677, Read
pp. 676-677, Hagfish Fig. 34.10, p. 678, Read
pp. 678, Concept 34.3, Derived Characters of
Vertebrates, p. 679, Origins of Bone and
Teeth Fig. 34.13, p. 680. Fig. 34.15, p.
681. Fig. 34.17, p. 683. Fig. 34.18, p. 683, Read
pp. 683-68e, Lobe-fins. Fig. 34.19, p. 684,
Fig. 34.21, p. 685, Read pp. 684-686, Concept
34.5. Fig. 34.25, p. 689, Fig. 34.24, p. 688,
Read Concept 34.6, pp. 687-689, up to The origin
and radiation of reptiles. Fig. 34.27, p. 691.
5
Specific readings continued Fig. 34.30, p. 693,
Fig. 34.28, p. 692, Read pp. 691-694,
Birds Fig. 34.32, Read pp. 694-697 (up to
Primates) Fig. 343.33, p. 695. Fig. 34.34, p.
696. Fig. 34.36, p. 699. Know Orders Carnivora,
Primata, Rodentia, Perissodactyla. Fig. 34.39,
Fig. 34.39.
6
An introduction to Animal Diversity (Ch.
32) Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic
eukaryotes with tissues that develop from
embryonic layers Animal body plans The tree of
animals
7
Fig. 26..22
Animal Diversity (Ch. 32) Characteristics Animal
body plans The tree of animals
We are here multicellular, heterotrophic
eukaryotes
8
Fig. 32.2
Animal Diversity (Ch. 32) Characteristics Animal
body plans The tree of animals
9
Fig. 32.3, 4
Animal Diversity (Ch. 32) Characteristics Animal
body plans The tree of animals
10
Animal Diversity (Ch. 32) Characteristics Animal
body plans The tree of animals
Fig. 32.7 Symmetry
11
Animal Diversity (Ch. 32) Characteristics Animal
body plans The tree of animals
Tissues - collections of differentiated,
specialized cells, separated by
membranes Diploblastic - endoderm and
ectoderm Triploblastic - endoderm,
ectoderm Mesoderm
12
Animal Diversity (Ch. 32) Characteristics Animal
body plans The tree of animals
Fig. 32.8 Body cavities
13
Animal Diversity (Ch. 32) Characteristics Animal
body plans The tree of animals
Fig. 32.9 Protostome vs deuterostome cleavage,
coelom, fate of blastopore
Correction for messed-up text in slide read the
correct text in the book, p. 632, Fig. 32.9
14
Animal Diversity (Ch. 32) Characteristics Animal
body plans The tree of animals
Fig. 32.11 DNA-based tree - the best we have at
present. Notice that deuterostomes are not all
together. (Echinoderms and Chordates are grouped
togther, but some minor deuterostomes (e.g.
Brachiopods, which I am not asking you to know),
are not in the same clade as Echioderms and
Chordates.
Note need to know term Metazoa ( animal)
15
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods (These are all
phyla.)
16
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.4
Sponges (Phylum Porifera. Sponges have a small
number of differentiated cell types. There is a
slight disagreement between the book and me about
whether sponges have tissues. I was taught that
sponges have one tissue type (sponge tissue,
with 3 or 4 cell types), but the book considers
that true tissues are not found in sponges. For
exam purposes, go with what the book says.
17
Fig. 33.7
The most obvious shared derived feature of Phylum
Cnidaria (you may have been taught to call them
Coelenterates) is the cnidocyte, or
defensive/prey capture cell, containing stinging
organelles called nematocysts (a term I used to
refer to the entire cell ). They also all have
radial symmetry. Tissues are far more developed
in Cnidaria (and in all following Phyla) than in
sponges, and in fact a clade called Eumetazoa can
be defined based in the presence of true tissues.
(I also used this term slightly differently
than the book does - again, go with the book for
exams.) You do not need to know the Classes of
Cnidaria.
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
18
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.6 - Nematocyst/Cnidocyte
19
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.5 - note how the polyp and medusa body
forms can be thought of as flipped. Some
cnidarians exist in only one of the forms, while
others have both forms at different times in the
life cycle. Also note that Cnidaria are
diploblastic - there is no mesoderm.
20
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.16 - Basic mollusc body plan. They are
triploblastic (as will be all following phyla),
and have bilateral symmetry. The mantle cavity
with gills, ventral nerve cord, dorsal
circulatory system, and radula (missing in
bivalves clams, etc.) are among the unique
derived characters of molluscs.
21
Fig. 33.18
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
22
Figure 33.22 Cephalopods
Note the different shells in cephalopods
(formally, the class Cephalopoda) - external in
Nautilus, internal in squids, and missing in
octopuses.
23
Figure 33.23 Anatomy of an earthworm - Phylum
Annelida -segmentation gone crazy!
Protostomes, coelomate, ventral nerve system,
dorsal circulatory system - like molluscs
24
Figure 33.24 A polychaete - mostly marine. Note
external paddles for swimming.
25
Figure 33.25 A leech
26
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.26 - a nematode - roundworm - external
cuticle needs to be molted for growth.
Protostomes, pseudocoelomate
27
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Ascaris from human intestine (CDC)
Pinworm seen in colonoscopy (Tulane)
28
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.29 - Phylum Arthropoda - external
skeleton, needs to be molted for growth.
Protostomes, coelomate, ventral nerve system,
dorsal circulatory system - like molluscs
29
Figure 33.28 A trilobite fossil
30
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.38 - Crustaceans
31
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.35 - Class Insecta - insects. 3 pairs of
legs, one pair antennae, side-ways operating
mandibles
32
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.36 - metamorphosis
33
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.37 - Orders to know
34
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges Cnidarians Molluscs
Annelids Nematodes Arthropods Echinoderms
Fig. 33.37
35
Learning goals Lecture 4, Biological Diversity
(Animals Part 1)
Readings Chapters 32, 33, and 34 (for lecture 5)
Read all of these, but the parts covered in
lecture are most likely to be on a test.
Invertebrates (Ch.33) Sponges,Cnidarians
Molluscs, Annelids Nematodes Arthropods
An introduction to Animal Diversity (Ch.
32) Animals are multicellular, heterotrophic
eukaryotes with tissues that develop from
embryonic layers Animal body plans The tree of
animals