SPIRAL 2

1
SPIRAL 2 Science

• Introduction
• SPIRAL 2  Physics Case 
• Faisceaux de SPIRAL 2
• Actions  Physique SPIRAL 2 
• Workshops SPIRAL 2
• SPIRAL2 France
• Groupes de travail
• Collaborations internationales
• Actions futures

2
The Physics case of SPIRAL 2
Heavy and Super Heavy Elements
Position of drip-lines
Equation of State Role of Isospin
NZ
rp-process
r-process path
Shell structure far from stability
SpinsShapes
Spins Shapes
Neutrons for science Atomic solid state
physics Isotope production
Haloes Structures in the Continuum
See www.ganil.fr for more
3
Existing GANIL Accelerators
CIME Cyclotron Acceleration of RI Beams E lt 25
AMeV, 1 - 8 AMeV for FF
Direct beam line CIME-G1/G2 caves
Existing GANIL Exp. Area
Production Cave C converterUCx target ? 1014
fissions/s
Low energy RNB (LIRAT)
Deuteron source 5mA
RFQ
Stable Heavy-Ion Exp. Hall
Superconducting LINAC E 14.5 AMeV for heavy
Ions A/q3 E 20 A MeV for deuterons (A/q2
ions) E 33 MeV for protons
Heavy-Ion ECR source (A/q3), 1mA
Marek Lewitowicz, GANIL
4
Operation of GANIL with SPIRAL 2
Operation of the accelerators 66 weeks today (3
beams) 120 weeks with SPIRAL 2 (5 simultaneous
beams)
5
Performances
Accelerated Beam Intensities (pps) Examples
See Final APD Report and LINAG Phase I Report on
the GANIL Web site for details
6

• Performances

SPIRAL 2 yields after acceleration compared to
other RNB facilities (best numbers for all)
Future
a)
Today
7
Regions of the Chart of Nuclei Accessible with
SPIRAL 2 Beams
Production of radioactive beams/targets (n,?),
(p,n) etc.
SHE
NZ IsolIn-flight
Transfermiums In-flight
Fusion reaction with n-rich beams
Fission products (with converter)
Fission products (without converter)
Deep Inelastic Reactions with RIB
High Intensity Light RIB
8
SPIRAL2  Physics Case 

• Deuxième version du document préliminaire sur le
  Web depuis le 15/11/05 (commentaires avant le
  15/12/05)
• Version finale - début 2006

gt 110 contributeurs
www.ganil.fr
9
Bilan de Workshops SPIRAL 2

• Neutrons for science at SPIRAL 2
• o D. Ridikas, M. Heil GANIL, 13-14/12/2004 82
  part.
• Physics with separated low energy beams at
  SPIRAL2
• o B. Blank, O. Navillat) GANIL,
  4-5/07/2005 87 part.
• Future prospects for high resolution gamma
  spectroscopy
• at GANIL
• o W. Korten, B. Wadsworth) GANIL,
  4-6/10/2005 102 part.
• Nuclear Astrophysics with SPIRAL2 
• o O. Sorlin, K.-H.Langanke) GANIL,
  17-18/10/2005 90 part.
• SPIRAL2 Reactions
• Y. Blumenfeld, W. Catford)  GANIL,
  19-21/10/2005 123 part.
• Nombre total de participants 484
  (97/WS)
• Nombre de participant differents 344

10
SPIRAL 2 LAYOUT
GANIL facility
LIRAT
Conclusions de Workshops SPIRAL 2
11
Ground-floor
J. Ch. Thomas
Conclusions de Workshops SPIRAL 2
12
Accelerated RIB
Preliminary Conclusions of the SPIRAL2 Workshops

• Requests
• CIME to G1/ G2 beam line (requests from the
  Astrophysics and Gamma-ray spectroscopy
  Workshops)
• Examples of the requested beams
• Both n-rich and p-rich beams !

13
NEW DETECTORS FOR SPIRAL 2
Preliminary Conclusions of the SPIRAL2 Workshops

• Remark The detectors for the experiments at
  SPIRAL 2 are not included today in the SPIRAL2
  budget.
• Other sources of money (ANR, AP IN2P3, GANIL,
  International Collaborations) should be found
• Instrumentation for experiments with low energy
  beams
• Separator-Spectrometer for high intensity stable
  beams
• ? A. Villari
• AZ4? (FAZIA)
• Active targets
• AGATA (Demonstrator and full array)
• Neutron array(s) (reaction studies, in-beam
  decay spectroscopy)
• Scintillator-based gamma array
• Modifications of the existing detectors
• VAMOS, TIARA, MUST2,

14
SPIRAL 2 France
Actions Physique SP2
Le groupe SPIRAL 2 France sera constitué des
responsables scientifiques, désignés par les
laboratoires participants dans le projet, après
les visites dans ces laboratoires (Décembre 2005
- Mars 2006) (en rouge visites passée, en vert
visites confirmées)
15
Groupes de travail(à la demande de la direction
du projet - technique et sûreté)
Actions Physique SP2

• Groupe Planning du faisceau SPIRAL 2
• Groupe de travail pour autres cibles (que UCx)
  autres faisceaux (que les fragments de fissions)
  - définition de réactions/cibles les plus
  pénalisantes pour la sûreté
• 3. Groupe de travail sur l'utilisation des
  faisceaux avec Agt200 - déterminer si
  lutilisation de ces faisceaux est intéressante
  pour la physique
• 4. Groupe en charge de la définition de la salle
  d'expériences  Ions lourds 
• 5. Groupe  solutions alternatives 

Les volontaires sont bienvenues !
16
Collaborations internationalesPhysique
Actions Physique SP2

• Collaboration NUSTAR-SPIRAL2
• Groupes de travail
• LEA avec LNL Legnaro (Italie) en préparation
• LIA avec RIKEN
• Pologne - LEA en préparation (visite 23-24/11/05)
  
• Roumanie - MoU prolongation - (visite
  19-20/01/05)
• Dubna - MoU en préparation
• SARAF (Israël) (visite 5-6/09/05) MoU en
  préparation
• BARC TIFR (Bombay) (visite 19-23/09/05)
• Triumf - MoU en préparation
• Argonne MoU en préparation
• LEA Lab. Europ. Associé
• LIA Lab. Int. Associé

17
Actions en cours
Actions Physique SP2

• Groupes internationaux de travail sur
  linstrumentation (sont déjà ou seront constitués
  dans les mois à venir)
• Spectromètre (cibles) pour les faisceaux stables
  très intenses
• dions lourds (convener A. Villari)
• DESIR - Collaboration Europ. pour la physique
  avec les faisceaux
• SPIRAL 2 de basse énergie
• ExogamAgata (collaborations déjà bien établis)
• Détecteurs de neutrons (collaboration avec
  NUSTAR) (SP2 contact person N.Orr)
• Nouveau détecteur 4? de scintillateurs
  (calorimètre) pour les gammas (collaboration avec
  NUSTAR) (SP2 contact person J.A. Scarpaci)
• Electronique DAQ (collaboration avec NUSTAR)
  (SP2 contact person Patricia Chomaz)
• Détecteurs Si et électronique associée (SP2
  contact person L. Pollacco)
• AZ4?(FAZIA) (collaboration avec NUSTAR)
•  Active targets  (ACTAR-EURONS)

Gr. spécifiques SPIRAL 2
18
Actions futures
Actions Physique SP2

• SPIRAL 2 Letters of Intent (LoI)
•  Call  pour les LoI - vers Février 2006
• Evaluation des LoI par le nouveau SAC experts
  additionnels (si nécessaire) - vers Juillet 2006
•  Call  pour les proposals  Printemps 2007
• Workshops, communication et documentation
• Session spéciale sur SPIRAL 2 au  NUSTAR Annual
  Meeting  (22-24/02/06) à GSI
• Colloque GANIL (29/05/06-2/06/06)
• WS  Interdisciplinary research with SPIRAL 2 
  en 2006
• WS  Theory for the resaerch at SPIRAL 2  en
  2007
• SPIRAL 2 News (diffusion via e-mails)
• EDMS (base de données pour la technique et pour
  la physique)
• Web SPIRAL 2 (blogs pour les groupes de
  travail,)

19
FIN
20
Low energy RIB
Preliminary Conclusions of the SPIRAL2 Workshops

• 1. A new experimental area of about 1500m2
  located at the ground floor, dedicated for the
  experiments with low-energy beams from SPIRAL2 is
  strongly requested. The new building includes
  area for the experimental equipments, acquisition
  and control rooms.
• 2. A High Resolution mass Separator (HRS) with a
  resolution of M/?Mgt5000 with a dedicated
  identification station is absolutely necessary. A
  separation scheme Low Resolution mass separator ?
  RFQ cooler ? HRS is proposed.
• 3. The low energy radioactive beams should be
  available for experiments already in the
  beginning of the operation of SPIRAL 2. The
  physics program would require both neutron-rich
  and neutron-deficient beams.
• 4. More than one production target ion source
  station is required to ensure flexible schedule
  and a possibility for fast change of the mass of
  radioactive beam.
• 5. An extension of the current LIRAT beam line in
  order to take a full benefit of the SPIRAL 1
  beams is proposed.

J. Ch. Thomas
21
Accelerated RIB
Preliminary Conclusions of the SPIRAL2 Workshops

• Requests (2)
• Pure beams ! (All Workshops)
• Very good beam emittance (1-2 mm spot on the
  target, with less than 1 angular divergence)
• If not possible a tracking detectors will be used
  in many experiments limiting the beam intensity
  to about 106 pps
• Good beam time resolution of CIME (1ns)
• If not possible timing detectors will be used in
  many experiments limiting the beam intensity to
  about 106 pps
• CIME energy changes as fast as possible (less
  than few hours)
• A flexible beam pulsing system at CIME 100 ns
  few 10s ?s

22
1 ion sources to be used at SPIRAL 2- plasma
ionisation source (FEBIAD) - low selectivity
(many elements ionised at the same time)- ECR
source - low selectivity - surface ionisation
source - high selectivity mainly alkaline
elements - laser ionisation source - high
selectivity essentially one element ionised but
difficult development of new beams
Purity of the SPIRAL 2 beams
Mass resolution of CIME can reach R1.6 10-4
If low-selectivity ion source is used the beam
will be strongly contaminated !!!

• Other tricks to be played
• - Transfer tubes (heated, cooled)
• - Molecular beams
• Other targets for lighter beams

23
Neutrons (1)

• 1) Time-of-flight measurements (En from 1 to
  40MeV)
• inelastic and (n, xn) reaction cross sections
  measurements
• (n, fission) cross section measurements
• o Future experiments 230,232Th, 231Pa,
  233,234,235,236,238U, 236,237Np,
  239,240,241,242,244Pu, 243Am and
  245,246,247,248Cm in addition to the beta
  emitters 233Pa and 241Pu
• (n, charged particles) cross section measurements
• Possible improvements
• Use of Be or Li converters instead of C
• Beam bunching before RFQ
• Use of low energy deuterons and tritium-target
• Use of protons on Li
• 2) Material irradiations
• fusion related research
• fission related research
• detector testing

24
High Neutron Flux
Preliminary Conclusions of the SPIRAL2 Workshops

• Astrophysics applications
• Measurements of neutron-captures on radioactive
  nuclei
• production of radioactive samples through (n,?),
  (n,p), (n,3He), (d,n) reactions (production of
  85Kr via 85Rb(n,p) or 88Sr(n,alpha), 13C(n,?)10Be
  and 66Zr(n,?)63Ni)
• irradiation for a few weeks ? 1017 atoms created
  with 10g samples, which leads to an activity of
  about 300kBq (ex. production of 59,60Fe could be
  achieved from the irradiation of a 64Ni sample)
• Then there are two options
• 1) extraction of radioactive elements from the
  bulk target via local hot chemistry
• ? irradiation of the sample with low energy
  neutrons at SPIRAL 2 (a Maxwell Boltzmann
  distribution centred around 30keV through p(7Li)
  reaction)
• 2) transport of the sample to other laboratories,
  as PSI

25
Yields at SPIRAL2 Based on the PARRNe results
Production of accelerated beam in part./s
38
36
34
32
30
Z
Courtesy of F. Ibrahim
28
N
26
Beam Energies from CIME
Isotope Maximum Energy Beam Intensity
(MeV/u)
(pps) 132Sn20 6.0 2x109 132Sn21
6.7 2x109 132Sn22 7.3 1.7x109 132Sn23
8.0 1.2x109 132Sn24 8.7 4x108 132Sn25
9.4 1x108
Lower Energies
Energy range of SPIRAL2 RIB lt 60keV and 1-20
MeV/nucl.
F. Chautard