Ch' 23'1 The French Revolution

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Ch. 23.1 The French Revolution

• I. France is the envy of the world in the 1700s
• II. Old Regime (old families and ways of doing
  things)- 3 estates
• A. First Estate- Roman Catholic Clergy
• 1. 1 of the population and 10 of the land
• 2. Education and services for the poor
• 3. 2 tax rate
• B. Second Estate- Rich Nobles
• 1. 2 of the population and 20 of the land
• 2. less than 1 taxes
• 3. Enlightenment as long as it is not a threat
• C. Third Estate- Everyone else
• 1. 97 of the people and 70 of the land
• 2. 3 Subgroups
• a. Bourgeoisie (middle class). Educated,
  rich, and left out by birth of the Second
  Estate..not fair
• b. City workers. Poor, often out of work,
  and 50 tax rate (salt and bread)
• c. Peasants (80 of the population- 22
  million-ish)
• 3. All 3 resent the first two estates

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Ch. 23.1 The French Revolution

• III. Change is coming
• A. Enlightenment
• 1. Third Estate is inspired by the American
  Revolution
• 2. Calling for a change of the Old Regime
• B. Economic troubles
• 1. Trade and production is up
• 2. Profit is down due to cost of living and
  taxes
• 3. 1780s crop failure- jump in prices of
  grains (food)
• 4. Debt
• a. Louis XVI- inherited debt and added to it by
  helping the Americans
• b. Marie Antoinette- SPEND SPEND SPEND
• c. 1786- Banks refused to loan him anymore

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Ch. 23.1 The French Revolution

• C. Weak leaders
• 1. Louis XVI (King)
• a. Government is boring
• b. Could not make decisions
• c. Poor advice
• 2. Marie Antoinette (Queen)
• a. Austria
• b. Didnt like Louis XVI (clocks)
• c. Spending- Madame Deficit
• d. 1.5 million (today) in one year playing
  cards
• 3. Louis XVI and the noble tax
• a. Estates-General. Meeting of all 3 Estates
• b. First in 175 years
• c. 5/5/1789- Versailles

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Ch. 23.1 The French Revolution

• IV. The Start of a Revolution
• A. Medieval rules- Each Estate 1 vote
• B. Third Estate- one personone vote
• C. Louis XVI- old school
• D. Emmanuel-Joseph Sieyes
• 1. Rename third Estate the NATIONAL ASSEMBLY
• 2. Pass reforms in the name of the French
  People
• 3. 6/17/1789 Passed
• i. No absolute Monarch, representative
  government
• E. Locked out!
• F. Indoor Tennis Court
• 1. Tennis Court Oath
• 2. New Constitution

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Ch. 23.1 The French Revolution

• G. Louis and the Swiss Guards
• 1. Hired to protect the Royal Family- French
  Army (trust)
• 2. Mobs in Pariswhy bring troops in?
• 3. PROTECT PARIS FROM THE SWISS
• H. Bastille (prison)- 7/14/1789
• 1. guns and powder
• 2. killed guards and dragged bodied through the
  streets of Paris (some hung)
• I. THE GREAT FEAR
• 1. Peasants fled and hid, rumors of nobles
  trying to kill them
• 2. Backlash on nobles. Killing, burning, and
  destroying of records (debts and land ownership)
• J. 10/1789- March of Versailles- Bread prices
• 1. broke in and killed guards
• 2. Return to Paris with Royal family

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Chapter 23.2 The Reign of Terror

• I. 8/4/1789
• A. Nobles, Clergy, and National Assembly
• B. Fear over Ideals
• C. Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the
  citizen
• 1. Men are born free and equal in rights
• 2. Liberty, property, security, and resistance
  to oppression
• 3. Equal justice, free speech, and freedom of
  religion
• 4. Except women..
• II. Church Reform
• A. Took church lands
• B. Church officials are to be elected and paid
  by the state
• C. Profit of land sale helped pay off huge debt

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Chapter 23.2 The Reign of Terror

• D. Catholics dont want a state run church
• E. Pope rules the church not the state
• F. Peasants and NA clash in opinion
• III. Louis XVI
• A. Flee to Austria- mailman
• B. Sealed fate
• IV. Constitution
• A. 1791- Limited Monarchy
• B. Legislative Assembly
• C. Laws but not enforce (king)
• D. Split in government
• 1. Radicals (left)- no king and more changes.
  Sans-culottes (knee breeches)
• 2. Moderates (center)- Some changes but not
  that many)
• 3. Conservatives (right)- No more changes.
  Emigres (out of country nobles)

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Chapter 23.2 The Reign of Terror

• V. Austria and Prussia
  
• A. Royal Family
• B. Restore
• C. War 1792
• 1. Towards Paris
• 2. Killed the Royal guards.
• 3. September Massacres
• D. National Convention 9/21/1792
• 1. Republic- Men can vote (not women)
• 2. Jacobins (Jean-Paul Marat)
• a. kill the king supporters
• b. No king
• c. Guillotine 1/21/1793

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Chapter 23.2 The Reign of Terror

• E. Battle of Valmy
• 1. Britain, Holland, and Spain (First
  Coalition)
• 2. Draft of citizens
• F. Maximilien Robespierre
• 1. New everything. No Sundays
• 2. Reign of Terror
• 3. Committee of Public Safety
• 4. AM/PM
• 5. Radicals are not safe
• 6. Queen
• 7. Liberty Tree
• 8. 7/28/1794- Robespierre
• 9. 1795- Moderates
• 10. The Directory(5) / 22 houses
• 11. Young officer- Napoleon Bonaparte