Exploring Complex Systems in Chemical Engineering

1
National Innovation System Complexity, driving
force, and efficiency

• Jinghai LI
• Chinese Academy of Sciences
• AAAS-CAST Workshop on Ethics Education in Science
• April 27, 2009, San Diego

2
National Innovation system --- complixity
3
National Innovation System(NIS)
Industrial RD
Society Economy
Product Service
Knowledge
Technology
Profit
INDUSTRY
ST COMMUNITY
MARKET
marketing
transfer
evaluation
Tax revenue
GOVERNMENT
4
Common Pattern of NIS
Society
Profit
Knowledge
feedback
ST community Industry Market Government
Driving forces Fluxes Environment
Complex System
5
Complexity of ethics in science

• Complicated interactions
• Diversity of activities
• Mulitplicity of dominants

Global issue Global solution
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Quest of truth Respect of innovation Use of
rigorous method Universal principle
Spirit Moral Responsibility
Honesty credibility Trust and
questioning Mutual respect Openness
This workshop
Social Ethical Legal
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National Innovation system --- driving forces
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Investment Demand Talents
Economy Society Humankind
Physical Spiritual Legal
Spirit Moral Motivation
Driving forces
Policy Laws Regulations
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Indifference to scientific spirit
Vocationalization
Economy Society Humankind
Science Technology
Development
Reputation Responsibility
Positive Negative
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National Innovation system --- efficiency
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Efficiencies of NIS
1919 Proposals
Modified from Arthur Ruf
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National Innovation System
Industrial RD
Society Economy
Product Service
Knowledge
Technique
Profit
h4
h3
h2
INDUSTRY
MARKET
ST COMMUNITY
Tax revenue
marketing
evaluation
h1
transfer
GOVERNMENT
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Innovation Capability
Proposal
h1
Government
Project

Evaluation
Research
h2

Research
Achievement

Total Efficiency
Transfer
Product
h3

Enterprise
Market

Marketing
Competition
h4
Market
Success

Primary Efficiency
Secondary Efficiency

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Innovation capability --Who is responsible ?
Investment Mechanism

• Government

• Industry

• Market

Motivation Efficiency

• Scientific community

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National Innovation system --- responsibility
resolution
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Scientific Community
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Evolution of Science
Complex systems
DNA Elementary particle Big Bang Continental
drift model Von Neumann model
Dependence between Scales
MICRO Quantum MEGA Relativity
Meso-scale
Two extremum
Spectrum of scales
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• Whether or not the current knowledge organization
  match

Technology development ? Economy/society needs ?
Potential !!
2. How to optimize RD in a specific field,
such as energy ?
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Re-mapping the spectrum of Knowledge Technology
Time
Scientific Facilities
Interdisciplinary Frontiers
Space Sciences
Energy
Space
Astro- Sciences
Multi-Scale
Earth, Space Oceanic Sciences
Process
Nano-
Molecular
Information
Atom
Materials

Basic Laws Mathematics System Science
Factory
Mega-City
Reactors
Particles
Clusters
Atoms
Molecules
Nano-structure
Resources Marine Sciences
Human Health Medicine
Ecology Environment
Sustainable Agriculture
Industrial BioTechnology
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Mapping the Energy Science Technology
Combustion Gasification Liquefaction
Coal, Oil, Gas
Conversion
Biomass
Production
Mass
Heat
Renewable
Wind Water
Ken. Mech. Mech. Elec.
Chem.
Gasification
/
Process
Biomass Heat, Electricity Hydrogen
Catalysis
Solar
Synthesis
Material Catalyst System
Material
Energy Innovation System
Solar-based
Hydrogen, Fuel cell New energy
Separation
Scientific Problem
Common Technologies
Coal-based
Machinery
Machinery
Hydrate
Material Process System
BioTech
Fuel cell
Heat
Mech.
Mech.
Elec.
System
Industry Building Traffic Living
Material Machinery Electricity System
Energy Saving
Mech.
Kin.
Material
System
Fusion (ITER, IFE)
Nuclear energy
Extract Waste
Fuel
Fission
Operating
Reactor
Equipment
Product featured
S T featured
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Funding Mechanisms
Fossil
Mass
Heat
Chem.
Renewable Energy
Gasification
/
Catalysis
Process
Synthesis
Material
New energy
Separation
Scientific Problem
Energy System
Common Technologies
Machinery
Machinery
BioTech
Energy Saving
Heat
Mech.
System
Mech.
Elec.
Kin.
Mech.
Nuclear energy
Material
System
Fundamental Research
Project
Program
ST-Oriented
Solution-Oriented
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Integrating Resources
Nuclear Wind Biomass Solar Fossil Saving
Bio-
Process
Materials
Systematic
Manufacture
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In addition to asking for investment

• Re-construct knowledge system
• Match between Research,
• Nature Society
• Stick to the scientific spirit

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Government
In addition to investment, what is critical?
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Industrial RD
Society Economy
Product Service
Knowledge
Technique
Profit
h3
h4
h2
ST COMMUNITY
INDUSTRY
MARKET
transfer
marketing
h1
evaluation
Tax revenue
GOVERNMENT
Principle
Motivation Driving force
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Conclusions
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Driving Forces
?
Fluxes
Dominants
Environment
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Fluxk Driving forces
Complexity in NIS
Responsibility
Fluxf (Driving forces)
Ethics!!
nonlinear
Optimization
Complex system
Investment
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Thanks for your attention !