Magnoliophyta Flowering Plants

1
Magnoliophyta - Flowering Plants
Basal Angiosperms
We will begin our survey of angiosperms by
examining the basal angiosperms - those groups
that are now shown to be the oldest diverging.
2
Magnoliaceae - magnolia family
Not found in Wisconsin, but part of the
Alleghenian flora. Tropical trees with ethereal
oils which leads to a strong scent. They
typically have simple, alternate entire leaves.
Flowers are spiralled rather than whorled with
elongated receptacle P ? 8 A ? G ? 8 Tepals,
laminar stamens, apocarpic
Magnolia
3
Derivation of the follicle fruit
1 floral leaf or carpel with ovules
Folded carpel
1 carpel with 2 rows of seeds the fruit opens
along the 1 line of suture
4
Magnoliaceae - magnolia family
Tulip tree (Liriodendron) is also not native, but
commonly planted. Most members of the family are
pollinated by beetles which are attracted by
smell and copious amount of stamens and pollen on
which they feed.
Liriodendron - tulip tree
5
Aristolochiaceae - birthwort family
8-10 genera and about 600 species worldwide 1
species in Wisconsin. Mostly vines in the
tropical regions, but herbs in temperate. The
family occurs mostly in tropical forests and warm
temperate scrub forests.
One species in Europe, Artistolochia clematis,
was thought to resemble the curved position of
human fetuses, giving rise to the notion that
various concoctions of these plants ought to be
good for pregnancy and childbirth birthwort,
"well born", aristocrat for family name, and it
turns out that the plants actually produce a
compound that stimulates abortion.
The leaves of many herbaceous, basal angiosperms
are cordate or heart-shaped these groups often
have been termed the paleoherbs.
Aristolochia
6
Aristolochiaceae - birthwort family
Asarum canadensis - wild ginger
Creeping rhizome pair of cordate (heart-shaped)
per year hairy plants with trichomes over the
petioles, flower etc.
Used by eastern native Americans as a
contraceptive, thick rhizome root can be cut up,
boiled, and cooked in heavy sugar syrup to make
candied ginger.
7
Aristolochiaceae - birthwort family
Asarum canadensis - wild ginger
Red/brown flowers arise between the leaves
foetid smell suggests that it is fly or beetle
pollinated.
Seeds are dispersed by ants these seeds possess
an aril-like structure.
8
Nymphaeales - water lily order

• Floating or submersed leaves
• Air cavities in tissue
• Mucilaginous coverings
• Lack of vessels

These are aquatic herbs and thus unlike most
orders of angiosperms, the Nymphaeales have an
obvious ecological niche - they inhabit still
waters. Many of their characteristics reflect
adaptations to this habitat.
9
Nymphaeales - water lily order

• Floating or submersed leaves
• Air cavities in tissue
• Mucilaginous coverings
• Lack of vessels

Nymphaea - water lily
Nelumbo - lotus lily
Convergence unrelated plants with similar
adaptations common
10
Nymphaeaceae - water lily family
CA 3 CO ? A ? G (?)
Showy flowers with strong scent attracting
animals Many parts at each whorl Laminar
stamens Superior, syncarpic pistil
Nymphaea odorata - water lily
11
Nymphaeaceae - water lily family
Nuphar variegatum - yellow pond lily
Petaloid sepals reduced petals Laminar stamens
grading from petals to the pistil
12
Nymphaeaceae - water lily family
Nuphar variegatum - yellow pond lily
Superior pistil of many carpels Beetle
pollination
13
Cabombaceae - water shield family
sometimes placed in Nymphaeaceae
Brasenia shreberi - water shield
Small clonal floating aquatic Peltate leaves Wind
pollinated
14
Ceratophyllaceae - hornwort family
Submersed aquatic recognized by whorled leaves
dichotomously forked Unisexual flowers on same
plant monoecious Propagates asexually by
fragmentation Maybe the sister or closest
dicot relative of the monocots
Ceratophyllum demersum - hornwort, coons-tail
15
Ranunculaceae - buttercup family
Largest family of the ranunculid lineage which is
the first diverging group of true dicots
eudicots
60 genera, about 2500 species worldwide
distribution worldwide but is centered in
temperate and cold regions of the northern and
southern hemispheres. 13 native genera, 53
species in WI, 20 of these in Ranunculus
Important family of our Wisconsin Spring Flora
16
Ranunculaceae - buttercup family
Herbs, sometimes woody or herbaceous climbers or
low shrubs. Leaves, alternate sheathing, usually
basal and cauline, often divided or compound, or
palmately lobed. No stipules.
17
Ranunculaceae - buttercup family
Fruits
Follicles 8 seeded dehiscent fruit Caltha -
marsh marigold
18
Ranunculaceae - buttercup family
Aconitum columbianum - monks hood
Aconitum noveboracense - monks hood
19
Ranunculaceae - buttercup family
Actaea rubra - red baneberry
Actaea alba - white baneberry
20
Ranunculaceae - buttercup family
Anemone patens - pasque flower
Anemone canadensis - Canada anemone
21
Ranunculaceae - buttercup family
Anemone quinquefolia - wood anemone
Anemone acutiloba (Hepatica acutiloba) -
sharp-lobed liverleaf
22
Ranunculaceae - buttercup family
Aquilegia canadensis - American columbine
23
Ranunculaceae - buttercup family
Caltha palustris - marsh marigold No petals
follicle fruits
24
Ranunculaceae - buttercup family
Enemion biternatum Isopyrum biternatum - false
rue anemone One of most abundant spring
ephemerals forming large colonies
No petals 3-4 follicle fruits
25
Ranunculaceae - buttercup family
sepals petals achenes
Ranunculus abortivus - cursed crowfoot
Ranunculus acris - tall buttercup
Ranunculus hispidus - bristly buttercup
26
Ranunculaceae - buttercup family
Thalictrum dioicum - early meadow-rue
Large herbs of more open habitats wind pollinated
27
Ranunculaceae - buttercup family
achenes
Now called Thalictrum thalictroides . . . and
so it is the thalictrum with the thalictrum-like
leaves ! Good example of the re-evolution of
insect pollination within a wind pollinated group
Anemonella thalictroides - rue anemone Named
after Thalictrum because the leaves were so
similar, although showy, insect-pollinated flowers
28
Berberidaceae - barberry family
13 genera, 660 species widespread in temperate
regions of Northern hemisphere - ArctoTertiary
relict distribution. 3 native genera to Wisconsin
Berberis which is cultivated here. Many prized
cultivated plants. Small shrubs (Berberis) or
herbs (rest of family).
CA 33 CO 33 A 12-18 G 1 monocarpic
Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry
29
Berberidaceae - barberry family
Berberis thunbergii Japanese barberry
Fruits berry
Berberis vulgaris Common barberry

• alternate host of the stem rust of wheat
• programs to irradicate plant in midwest

30
Berberidaceae - barberry family
Caulophyllum thalictroides Blue cohosh
Leaves thrice compound the foliage resembles
Thalictrum, hence the specific epithet. Petals
with conspicuous bracts and nectaries lids in
anthers. Developing ovules break ovary wall so it
is a naked seed with fleshy blue seed coat.
Medicinally important for North American native
Americans.
31
Berberidaceae - barberry family
Forms large colonies of deeply lobed, peltate
leaves whose umbrella like aspect is emphasized
as they emerge from the ground, slits in anthers
Podophyllum peltatum May-apple
32
Berberidaceae - barberry family
monocarpic
Solitary flowers only on stems with 2 leaves
pistil is monocarpic and develops into fleshy
berry (apple-like)
33
Menispermaceae - moonseed family
Mainly tropical family, usually viney Leaves
almost peltate, palmately veined and
lobed Dioecious separate carpels each produce
one seeded drupes fleshy with one bony seed
Menispermum canadense moonseed
Seed is curved, moon-shaped Poisonous fruit,
mimics wild grapes
34
Papaveraceae - poppy family
25 genera and about 200 species. In Wisconsin
there are 5 genera and 6 species only 1 species
is native. This family is important for garden
plants and drugs (opium).
Herbaceous, alternate compound leaves with
colored latex
CA 2 CO 4-12 A ? G (2- ? )
Capsule dehiscing syncarpic fruit
Papaver - poppy (cultivated)
Chelidonium - celadine (cultivated)
35
Papaveraceae - poppy family
Sanguinaria canadensis - bloodroot
Monotypic genus petals 8-12 with many stamens,
red-orange sap abundant, used as war paint. Found
in rich woods.
36
Fumariaceae - fumitory family
19 genera and 400 species worldwide occurring
mainly in North temperate regions, but also in
South Africa. In Wisconsin there are 4 genera, 7
species. Sometimes treated as part of the
Papaveraceae. Spring ephemerals from below
ground corms or rhizomes. Disappear during late
spring.
Dicentra cucullaria - Dutchmans breeches (with
Asarum canadense - wild ginger)
37
Fumariaceae - fumitory family
Dicentra cucullaria - Dutchmans breeches
Annual or perennial herbs herbs with watery
juices. Leaves alternate without stipules,
sometimes pinnately or palmately compound.
38
Fumariaceae - fumitory family
Dicentra - Bleeding heart
Dicentra canadensis - Squirrel corn
Corydalis sempervirens - pink corydalis