Gasoline: How We Run Our World

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GasolineHow We Run Our World

• By Gaayatri Kaundinya

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Where Does Gasoline Come From?

• Can be made from any substance containing carbon
  and hydrogen
• Usually comes from crude oil reserves
• These reserves come from fossilized bio material
  (fossilized plants, animals, etc.)
• Oil is then refined to produce gasoline

www.eia.doe.gov
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US Containments of Crude Oil

• Performance of gasoline depends on
• Type of oil
• Refinement process
• Mixed ingredients
• 50 of US oil comes from the Western Hemisphere

www.eia.doe.gov
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What is Gasoline?

• Mix of liquid hydrocarbons distilled from crude
  oil
• Todays gasoline is made from hundreds of
  hydrocarbons or octane (saturated hydrocarbons)

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rdovafig1.jpg
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History of Gasoline

• Was invented after the large oil reserves were
  found in the 1850s
• New market for gasoline came with the invention
  of cars
• 1913 - found a way to increase the amount of
  gasoline produced from crude oil
• Refining process improved

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How Do We Use Gasoline?

• Gasoline is used for combustion in cars
• Starts as liquid hydrocarbons and ends up as
• Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
• Water Vapor (H2O)
• Nitrogen oxides (NOx)
• Carbon Monoxide (CO)
• Use it to fuel all the reactions that take place
  in cars

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Gasoline in Motion

• Gasoline and air are put into a cars tank, and
  sparked to create a combustion reaction
• The right amount of gasoline and air must be put
  in the engine
• In older cars, the fuel is mixed into the air
  into a gaseous state w/ carburator
• In newer cars, there is direct injection of fuel,
  in a mist form (l-g) to mix with the air in the
  combustion chamber

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b/2/2b/Carburetor.svg/300px-Carburetor.svg.png
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Gasoline In Motion

• The process of gasoline consumption starts as the
  gas station
• Liquid gasoline is filled into the cars gas tank
• Cars carburator mixes the fuel into the air into
  gaseous state
• PE increses, gasoline particles move farther
  apart
• OR cars direct/port injection device sprays a
  fine gasoline mist (l-g) and some air (g)

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Gasoline In Motion

• Cars intake valve opens and takes in the
  fuel/air mixture (g) into combustion chamber or
  the fuel mist (l-g) with air (g)
• PE and KE remain same during intake

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s?articleTypeId1
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Gasoline In Motion

• After intake, the gasoline (l-g) and air (g) or
  fuel/air mixture (g) are compressed
• Crankshaft turns, piston rises (PE of piston
  rises due to gravitational PE laws)
• Compresses the air and gasoline by enclosing it
  tightly in chamber
• Gaseous particles are confined to an enclosed
  area, so PE goes up
• When the piston is at its height (PE of piston is
  at its height), the gasoline and air have the
  most PE

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Gasoline In Motion

• The spark plug sparks (feels hot, its KE goes up,
  contains activation energy)
• The gasoline (l-g/g) and air (g) are ignited
• The gasoline (l-g/g) and air (g) gain the
  released KE from the surroundings (spark plug)
• Gasoline and air gain PE
• Gasoline and air explode (all PE of mixture turns
  into KE as explosion generates heat)
• Gas and air are now CO2, H2O, CO, and NOx

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Gasoline In Motion

• The products can be combusted no further for
  generating more energy
• They contain KE (exhaust of car feels warm) and
  potential energy (gaseous particles are far apart
  and active)
• Products travel through the exhaust port out to
  the tailpipe
• Tailpipe releases the exhaust out of the car

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Car Battery

• Car engine needs something to power the initial
  combustion reaction
• The valves and crankshaft need power for the
  first combustion cycle to start utilizing the
  gasoline
• This is the job of the car battery

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Photo Gaayatrs car
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Car Battery

• Car Battery makes 12 volt electrical power
  available to everything needing electricity in
  car
• Ignition system
• Radio
• Windshield wipers
• Power windows
• Computers, etc.
• Also has an alternator, which is used to revive
  the car battery in case it dies

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m-spark-plug.gif
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Ignition System

• Car battery is a part of the ignition system
• This contains the spark plug, car battery,
  distributor, and an induction coil
• The battery gives 12 volt electricity to the
  induction coil (battery has PE, gives PE to coil)
• This turns the energy into high energy (upto
  100,000 volts)
• Increases PE of energy
• The distributor spurts this energy to the spark
  plugs (turns to KE and releases this to spark
  plugs)

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Sustainability

• Gasoline is not sustainable
• It releases harmful toxins to the atmosphere from
  the burned hydrocarbons
• (CO2, H2O (g), NOx, and CO)

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Effects of Emissions

• CO2 is a greenhouse gas
• Traps the suns heat in the atmosphere by
  preventing its escape
• Increase in greenhouse gases contributes to
  global warming
• Overheating the Earth causes the icecaps to melt,
  and creates an excess of water in the oceans
• It also creates deathly heat in deserts
• Example of excessive greenhouse gases is planet
  Venus with boiling temperatures
• Life would eventually cease to exist

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Effects of Emissions

• CO is a harmful toxin to human lungs
• It causes the lungs to degenerate when inhaled
• Increase in water vapor creates an increase in
  heat retained (acts like a greenhouse gas)
• Excess of CO2 and means more water vapor can be
  retained
• With the emission of both CO2 and water vapor,
  temperatures go up even more

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co.jpg
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Effects of Emissions

• NOx is nitrogen oxide produced mainly through the
  combustion of fuel
• Is a greenhouse gas
• Contributes to the formation of acid rain
• Deteriorates water quality by creating a nutrient
  overload
• Reacts and creates nitrate particles and
  aerosols, as well as NO2 which causes major
  respiratory problems

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Gasoline Regeneration

• Gasoline is made from crude oil, essentially from
  fossil fuels
• For regeneration, fossil fuels must form again
• Fossil fuel forms when living material decomposes
  and buried under layers of Earth
• It takes appx. 300 million years for them to
  decompose and form fossil fuels

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