Forming sentences with the presumptive masho form'

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JPN 105 Lesson 3 Topics

• Forming sentences with the presumptive (-masho)
  form.
• Comparing objects with yori and ho ga.
• Rumor (so desu)
• Past experience (koto ga arimasu)

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Presumptive Mood

• Also called probable mood .
• Has no exact equivalent in English.
• Allows speaker to express probability, belief, or
  intention without being too direct.
• Has two forms
• Probability
• Intent

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Presumptive Mood -- Probability

• Expresses belief something will probably happen.
• Form by adding daro (plain) or desho (polite) to
  dictionary form of verb
• Plain Form Polite Form
• kuru daro kuru desho
• konai daro konai desho

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Presumptive Mood -- Probability

• Other examples expressing suppose, wonder,
  guess
• yuki ga furu daro
• yuki ga furu desho
• I wonder if it will snow.
• Nihongo o hanasu daro ka
• Nihongo o hanasu desho ka
• I wonder if he speaks Japanese?

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Presumptive Mood IntentionPlain Form

• Used mostly by men.
• Also used to express the idea of Lets do
  something.
• For u-dropping verbs
• Change final u of dictionary form to o
• nuru ? nuro
• iku ? iko
• For ru dropping verbs
• Add yo to the verb stem
• taberu ? tabeyo
• miru ? miyo
• Irregular verbs
• suru ? shiyo
• kuru ? koyo

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Presumptive Mood IntentionPlain Form

• Used in medial position of sentence
• konban hayaku nero to omoimasu
• I think I will sleep early tonight.

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Presumptive Mood IntentionPolite Form

• Expresses speakers intention to do something.
• Expresses a description of the possibility that
  someone else will do something.
• Most common is Lets do something.
• Form by adding masho to the gerund of a verb
• yomu yomimasho lets read
• taberu tabemasho lets eat

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Comparison

• When comparing things in Japanese the adjectives
  do not change a special pattern is used
  instead
• A wa B yori yasui desu
• A is cheaper than B
• A yori B no ho ga chiisai desu
• B is smaller than A
• Shikago to Tokyo to, dochira ga suki desu ka
• Tokyo no ho ga suki desu
• basu to chikatetsu to, dotchi ga ii desu ka
• basu yori chikatetsu no ho ga benri desu
• dono kudamono ga ichiban suki desu ka
• ringo ga motto suki desu

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• Rumor and Appearance (so desu)
• Adding so desu to various forms of verbs and
  adjectives creates
• Rumor and reported speech
• Appearance

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Rumor/Reported Speech (--so desu)

• Rumor (or reported speech) is expressed by adding
  so desu to various forms of verbs
• To dictionary form of a verb
• Yuki ga furu so desu. (They say it will snow.)
• (I hear it is going to snow)
• With an adjectival
• Tsuyoi so desu. (I hear it is strong.)
• With a na-adjectival
• Shizuka da so desu. (I hear it is quiet.)
• Taikutsu da so deshita. (You looked bored).

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Appearance (-so desu)

• When so desu is added to the gerund form of verbs
  or the stem of adjectives the meaning is changed
  to appearance (it looks like . . .)
• After gerund form of verbs
• Yuki ga furi so desu. (It looks like snow.)
• Sakana o tabe so desu. (It looks like he will
  eat fish)
• After naadjectives (note da is not used)
• Shizuka so desu. (It appears quiet.)
• Taikutsu so desu. (It looks boring.)
• After true adjectivals
• Tsuyo so desu. (It appears strong.)
• Haya so desu. (It looks fast.)
• Yasu so desu (It looks inexpensive).

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Relating Past Experience (koto ga arimasu) koto
ga arimasu is used to express occasion when,
have done, or had an experience that After
dictionary form of verb Kanojo to hanasu koto ga
arimasu ka. Do you (have occasion to) talk to
her? After plain past (-ta form) of
verb Hokkaido e itta koto ga arimasu ka.
Have you ever been to Hokkaido? After the plain
present negative (-nai) form of verb Tama ni
shokuji o tabenai koto ga arimasu. There are
times when I dont eat a meal.
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