Title: Proprietary Methods
1Proprietary Methods
- Any of a number of patented structures/products
sold by a licensed vendor for erosion
control/bank stabilization purposes - Product testing and performance evaluation has
usually been performed by independent
labs/agencies/organizations/ universities/and/or
the manufacturer. - Manufacturer will have case histories and
comprehensive knowledge of their products. - Design knowledge or PC based computer programs
are usually available from the manufacturer (some
on CD). - Manufacturer wants your project to be successful
(no failure of product). - Installation/construction oversight is usually
available. - Beware if every project design requires the use
of the same product.
2Proprietary Methods
- Sloped or Horizontal Configurations
- Fabric-formed concrete
- Interlocking blocks
- Articulating Concrete Mattress (ACM)
- Gabions (both welded and twisted)
- Cellular Confinement Systems
- A-Jacks, Core-Loc
- Turf Reinforcement Mats (TRM) Erosion Control
Blankets (ECBs)-covered in the bioengineering
lecture - Deltalok System to link sandbags
- Vertical, or Near Vertical Configurations
- Vertical formed concrete walls (not proprietary)
- Sheet piling (steel or vinyl)
- Interlocking block retaining walls
- Gabions
- Cellular confinement systems
- Reinforced earth with "hard" toe protection
(example used A-Jacks)
3FABRIC-FORMED CONCRETE(also called grout mat)
4Euclid Creek, ohio fabric- formed concrete,
constructed 1985, photo taken 2004
5If the foundation subsides, trouble ensues
6Rigid Grout Mats (typically do not adjust well to
foundation changes)
7Saw Mill Run Creek, Pittsburgh District
Fabric formed revetment failure due to Ivan
storm, 9/04, a one year old structure,
8Erosion under a foundation-dependant method
spells trouble
And the news is not good !!
9Interlocking blocks come in all shapes
sizes
some have large interstices to accommodate
plantings
10What type of filter is this? And has it failed?
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12INTERLOCKING BLOCKS 18 MONTHS OLD
LAFAYETTE, LA
13Articulating Concrete Mattress (ACM) Systems
- A proprietary method, Articulating Concrete
Mattresses are systems of concrete elements tied
together with either UV-stabilized rope or
stainless steel cables to form a flexible
mattress that can be connected to other
mattresses to form modular protection systems. - Different manufacturers construct elements in
various shapes, sizes, and thicknesses. Most ACM
systems have been lab tested, project histories
documented, and manufacturer's support (including
design and installation) are readily available. - Very versatile, can be used for bank protection,
grade control, channel lining, cart paths, fords,
boat launches, and as a cover for exposed
pipelines. Many projects require a geotextile
filter underlayer. The entire mat system can be
buried, and/or spaces between elements can be
vegetated. - ACM systems can be totally removed and
reinstalled, an important consideration for
pipeline repair. Can also be removed
reconfigured for changing stream conditions - For grade control applications the downstream
ends of the mat can be allowed to float" and
then self-adjust, (hinge) adjusting to local
scour and/or knickpoint migration. - Strong anchoring systems and/or deep keys at the
upstream and upslope boundaries of the mat system
are required. - Knowledgeable and experienced designers,
manufacturers, and installers are critical to
project success. As with many techniques, the
devil is in the details
14Used primarily for inland erosion control
projects on shorelines, streams rivers.
Shape locks in plant roots
SUB
MAR
MAR
SUB
Mats are connected with stainless steel cables or
non-metal straps to create a unitized erosion
control system. Additional benefits of this
system are the ability to remove, replace, or
relocate, if required.
SPECIFICATIONS MATTRESS TYPE REVETMENT MATTRESS
DIMENSIONS 8 X 20 X 4½ MATTRESS WEIGHT AIR
6,200 LBS, UNDERWATER 3,600 LBS CONCRETE
DENSITY 145 LBS. PER CU. FT., 4,000 PSI 160
ELEMENTS 5/8 ULTRA VIOLET STABILIZED COPOLYMER
EXTRUDED FIBER ROPE, MINIMUM TENSILE STRENGTH
9,500 POUNDS
15400 feet of extruded copolymer rope unitizes the
160 mat elements to form this mat. Wire rope is
also used in some designs.
16Concrete is poured into the mold and elements are
cast onto the fiber rope. Optional non-abrasive
pads are attached for overlaying pipelines.
17Quite flexible
18No drugs required here !!
19Mats can be transported by truck, barge, boat,
even helicopter.
20On this hilly terrain near Morehead, Kentucky,
vehicular traffic traversing this ROW has caused
erosion, exposing two 30-inch pipelines.
Owingsville Discharge Mile Post 527.38 Lewis
County, KY
21Mechanical spreader frame used for underwater
installations.
SONIC BEACONS
Beacons attached to the mat handling frame are
used to position the mats over the target.
22From www.E-senss.com
From www.E-SenSS.com
23Overlapped banded ACM
Key trench
24Mats are installed and connected prior to soil
cover.
Downstream curve before construction.
Pipelines exposed in the creekbed.
After mat installation, mats on the banks were
backfilled to assist revegetation. Gravel was
placed over the mats in the creekbed.
Designated Louisiana Scenic Stream Big Creek
Crossing Grant Parish, Pollock, LA
LOUISIANA DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE
FISHERIES SCENIC RIVER AUTHORITY
25Mats are buried for natural appearance
Dry Gully Crossing, Cypress, Texas
26Before
3 Years After Installation
Before
After Installation
5 Years After Installation
7 Years After Installation
EXCELLENT WILLOW GROWTH THROUGH ACM
Raccoon Creek Vermillion County, Montezuma, IN
27During Installation
After Dewatering Creek
Before Installation
Looking Upstream
1½ Years Later
After Installation
After Installation
3 Months After Installation
Wetland looking good
Reedy Creek _at_ MP 736.55 Jones County, Sharon,
Mississippi
Gas Pipelines - Transco
284½ Years Later
Wetland plants growing through mat
Reedy Creek _at_ MP 736.55 Jones County, Sharon,
Mississippi
Gas Pipelines - Transco
29Tributary channel to the New River, Phoenix, AZ,
completely lined with ACM. How many degrees of
freedom now? Adjustment to change?
30Looking DS at RDB of trib. to New River, Phoenix,
AZ
31Note connector cable
32Looking US, Hickahalla Creek, MS two exposed
pipelines, cost to HDD (Horizontal Directional
Drill) both pipes 4 million dollars
33After, ACM combined with LPSTP, LFSTP and full
bank paving
34Some types of movement of ACM is not good
35Where did the mat go to???? Flamingo Wash, NV
FLOW
36Block removed by flow
37More the news is not good at Flamingo Wash
38Boat ramp/picnic area, Falgout Canal, Houma, LA
39Rip-Rap is being washed off of the geotextile
filter
ACM is vegetated and stable.
40gabions
41Gabions
- Baskets (usually 3 ft by 3 ft by 9 ft) and
mattresses (usually 12 inches thick). A new
innovation in baskets has either a 45 or 60
degree sloped face! - Two types of basket construction welded and
twisted. - Can be PVC coated to increase durability and
resist corrosion from acid rain and chemicals.
New this year is one constructed from stainless
steel - 4 to 9 inch rock (measured along "B" axis) is
typically used to fill baskets (smaller rock can
be used with some baskets). Soil with a
geotextile liner, or rock choked with soil seed
can be used. Small large vegetation has been
employed both in through gabions. - Versatile, can be used for bank protection, grade
control, channel lining, walkways, piers,
ingress/egress structures, etc. - Long-term case histories and well-understood
performance parameters, design and construction
oversight available from many sources, including
manufacturers. - Gabions do not adjust well, solid foundation is
critical, connections between baskets are
important. A knowledgeable, experienced
contractor is a must (critical for success).
42Filling gabion baskets, Ohio River, Evansville,
IN-2003
There are now stainless steel gabions
available, they add about 15 to the total
project cost
43Urban bank protection, Browns Creek, downtown
Grenada, MS Sept 2004
44Another section of Browns Creek, Grenada, MS,
gabions are now backfilled
45Overbank ponding and piping into the stream
Piping exits here
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4790 degree key right next to bridge
48Why not tie this key into the existing
bridge protection? Think smooth transitions!
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50No Luxury of Space results in vertical
orientation of protection works, Boone
County, AR
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52- Stepped vegetated gabions
53Purloined From www. E-senss.com
54Vegetated Gabion Baskets, 3 ft by 3ft by 9 ft
longBranciforte Creek (a John McCullah
project)
Santa cruz, ca
55Purloined From www.E-SenSS.com
56Willow Poles planted completely through 3 ft by 3
ft gabion baskets.
57Adapto-eco-tropism
58Gabions now available with 45 60 degree
sloped front face
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60Vegetated sloped-faced gabions
61Brush layering with basket gabions
From maccaferri, Inc
62Brush Layering with Green Gabion Baskets
Montreal
1999
2001
63Green gabion baskets, montreal
2002
64Brush layering with green gabions, note
sloped tops
65Note length of layered material angle to
the horizontal
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67Note angle of stream to highway bridge, stout
method is needed for this bend
68From www.E-senss.com
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73Looking US from Hauk Rd bridge on Catt. Creek,
Sardinia, NY-Gabions are foundation dependant
74Split gabions, S. Fork Raccoon River, Iowa
75Stacked gabion baskets, Hoffa Creek, Grenada, MS.
Installed 1998, pix taken 2003
76Pvc coated Gabion damaged by impact from
floating object, Hoffa creek, installed 1998,
pix taken 2003
77Weathered wire missing from gabion, just five
years old, MS
78PVC coating abraded from gabion wire, MS
79Looking DS, Porter Creek, Senatobia, MS.
Gabion baskets displaced by geotechnical
slope failure
80Gabions generally do not adjust well!
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82Circa 1925-30, Missouri River
Gabion burrs, whatever those are ???????
83Launching a gabion burr on the Missouri
river, circa 1925-30
84Cellular Confinement Systems
- Originally developed at WES in the 1970's to
strengthen road foundations built on weak soils. - Are engineered, polyethylene, expandable,
honeycomb-type cellular structures designed to
improve the performance of infill materials
(typically soil, stone, concrete). - Typical applications include earth retention,
load support, slope protection, bank protection,
low-water fords, grade control, grade/ford
combos, livestock watering access areas, haul
road and/or nature path construction, etc. Can
be vegetated. - Available in various colors and sizes.
- Versatile, lab tested, project case histories
available, easy to transport and install, PC
based design programs and manufacturer's support
readily available. - Various anchoring systems available, many
projects require a geotextile filter
underlayment.
85Preparing the cellular confinement system grid
for infilling
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87Soil infill shown. gravel and concrete can
also be used
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89Purloined From www. E-senss.com
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91Quick, somebody hand me my ruler!!
92On a flood damage reduction channel, what should
the bend radius over channel width ratio be?
Houston, TX.
93Infill materials, gravel good old concrete
94From Randy Weaver, Weavers Incorporated
Contractors, Tipton, Iowa
Cellular Confinement System grade and bank
protection for an exposed gas pipeline, Thomas
Creek, KS
95Close-up of infill material , Thomas Creek,
KS
96A-Jacks
- Description A proprietary method, A-Jacks are
concrete structures designed to interlock both
vertically and horizontally in a geometric
fashion, resulting in a somewhat flexible
monolithic structure that is extremely hard to
displace. Each single unit is cast in two
pieces. When grouted together, the two sections
form a 6-pointed structure that rests on 3-points
and interlocks with adjacent A-Jacks. A-Jacks
are available in a range of sizes from 2 to 10
ft. The 2- and 3-ft A-Jacks are employed for
stream work, larger sizes for energy dissipation
in oceans. - Typical stream installation Excavate a toe
trench at the base of the eroding bank. On small
streams an upper row of A-Jacks are interlocked
with two base rows. Typically a filter of either
Fiberfil (a synthetic) or wood fibers are placed
under the A-Jacks. Live stakes or rooted stock
are placed between and behind jacks. When
installed, the A-Jacks have about 40 open area,
ideal habitat for small fishes, other aquatic
organisms, and macro invertebrates. - Easily transported into tight working areas and
assembled on-site (each half of the 2-ft sized
A-Jack weights 39 pounds).
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103A-jacks in a small creek, chicago
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105A-Jacks toe protection on Brush Creek, KS.
Installed 1997, pix taken Aug 2003.
106A-Jacks moved out from bank, by helical
flow??? From Chris cash-mdc
107A-Jacks moved out from bank, by helical
flow? From Chris cash-mdc, mo.
108A-Jacks moved out from bank, by helical
flow? From Chris cash-mdc, mo.
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110Creek Erosion Vegetation
111Deltalok System Components
Deltalok standard unit
- Interlocks the Deltalok GTX bags
- Provides a mechanical connection to polyester
geogrid for engineered walls.
112Deltalok System Components
Deltalok GTX Bag and Standard Unit
113Deltalok System Components
Deltalok engineered unit
Interlocks the Deltalok GTX bags, and provides a
mechanical connection to HDPE geogrid for
engineered walls.
114How to Build a Deltalok MSE Structure
115How to Build a Deltalok MSE Structure
116How to Build a Deltalok MSE Structure
117Deltalok System Vegetation
Wild Flower Seeds
118Deltalok System Vegetation
Live Staking Between Bags
119Deltalok System Vegetation
Live Staking In Bags
120Deltalok Design Support
- Deltalok provides the tools for a
- Successful design-build project
- Sample design drawings
- Pre-engineered solutions
.
121VERTICAL, OR NEAR- VERTICAL PROPRIETARY
METHODS
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123Construction on cirby creek
124Cirby creek
125WEST BOULDIN CREEK, Austin, Tx
Mini case study 1 of 6
126Mini case study 2 of 6
127WEST BOULDIN CREEK, Austin, Tx
Mini case study 3 of 6
128Mini case study 4 of 6
129Mini case study 5 of 6
130WEST BOULDIN CREEK, Austin, Tx
Mini case study 6 of 6
131Hattiesburg, MS
132Judys Branch, IL.
133Judys branch, IL
134Judys branch
135Sheet pile on the Beaverkill river, Roscoe, ny
136A little sheetpile among friends, Houston, TX.
137Chicago, IL. area
Mini case study 1 of 8
138Mini case study 2 of 8
139Mini case study 3 of 8
140Mini case study 4 of 8
141Mini case study 5 of 8
142Mini case study 6 of 8
143Mini case study 7 of 8
144Same site 6 years later
Mini case study 8 of 8
145Cbm GEOBAG WALL WITH BRUSH LAYERING
146CASE STUDY - THE NEXT 48 SLIDES COMBINATION
OF ACM, LPSTP BANK PAVING FOR PIPELINE
PROTECTION
147Hickahala Creek Pipeline Protection Project at
milepost 347.64 Tate County, Senatobia, MS
(Looking across and upstream in this view)
Designed jointly by Submar, Inc River Research
and Design, Inc, Installed, Monitored
by Submar Incorporated 805 Dunn St., Houma,
LA www.R2D-ENG.com www.Submar.com
148Looking Upstream
September 2001
149Looking Upstream
Pipeline exposed 25-ft
September 2002
150Looking Upstream, 50-ft of pipeline exposed
March 2003
151Looking downstream at 50-ft of exposed pipeline,
main stream force ( thalweg of stream) is aimed
underneath exposed pipe. (note another exposed
pipeline downstream.)
March 2003
152Looking US at long straight reach
April 2003
153Looking US and the news is not good
Things are getting worser as my kids would say
April 2003
154Looking US at the entire stream trying to flow
underneath the exposed pipeline, the first bend
downstream of a long straight stretch is hard to
repair, the water does not want to turn!!! This
stream put sediment 1,000 ft in a straight line
out into the farmers field.
155Looking DS at exposed pipelines
8-15-03
156Note pipe support structure, pipeline lifted and
twisted during high flow event and had to be
replaced
8-15-03
157Floodwaters carried sand 1000 feet in a straight
line into farmers field (overbank, picture
looking away from stream). That water sediment
do not want to make the turn.
Hickahala Creek
July 2003 After May flood
158Note US straight stretch
Aerial Photos
Pipe exposed on overbank, large amount of sand
deposited in farmers field
August 2003
159Looking DS, pipe is vulnerable to impact from the
next large floating tree. Bank is a mess (thats
a technical term)
April 2003
16009-05-03 Portable cofferdams used to dewater the
site for pipeline recoating. The green portion
of the pipeline is new, pipe was cut, and new
section installed, (replaced due to pipe twisting
during high flow, cost 350 K).
9-5-03
1619-5-03
162Next I will show the LPSTP key.
Flow attack angle
163Looking US into trib, widening channel to
accommodate LPSTP
164This key trench is a thing of beauty!!
165From key, In trib looking DS toward Hickahalla
Creek, fresh LPSTP 9-17-03
166Looking US into trib
Longitudinal Peaked Stone Toe Protection (LPSTP)
167Jumping ahead-10 months later
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
July 2004
168Looking DS toward pipe, LPSTP under construction.
Eight tons of LPSTP per ft were used in the
impact area!!! 9-17-03
169Mat installation 9-17-2003
170Installing Mat, 9-17-2003
171Looking across and upstream
09-22-03
High Water Event During Construction
17209-22-03
High Water Event During Construction
173Bank Paving
Key
LPSTP (5 tons/ft)
09-26-03
174LPSTP bank paving totaled 8 tons/ft on this
bank!
LPSTP toe
Bank Paving
September-26-2003
17509-27-03-Mat over US pipe
17609-30-03 Installation complete, looking US
177Two months after installation, looking US
2 Months after installation
178Floodwaters crested 1-ft below top of levee
11-24-03, Looking US
179Looking US, second major flood since installation
(5 months)
Feb 5, 2004
180Flow left to right, flood of 2/5/2004
181Self-adjusting stone bank protection
182Looking US at impinging flow impact zone. Note
steep angle where LPSTP was undercut launched
(self-adjusted)
April 2006
183Note steep angle where LPSTP was undercut and
launched (self-adjusted)
Original angle of repose
Launched angle of repose
1844 years after construction, very stable, veg
growing well
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
March 2007
185Arresting an active headcut at the downstream
end of the ACM
186Looking US 10 months after project completion,
veg looking good, note mat has arrested a small
headcut
July 2004
187ACM is acting as a hinged grade control
structure
Looking US 1 year later, headcut of similar size
as 2004
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
April 2005
188Another year later, ACM is acting as a hinged
grade control structure (adjusting to bed
lowering due to headcut
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
April 2006
189Submar ACM system has arrested a larger headcut
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
April 2006
1901-year later, larger headcut arrested by Submar
mat
LOOKING US, JULY 2004
March 2007
191Note uneven DS edge of adjusting mat. Pipeline
still well protected.
April 2007
192Approximately 14 ft until headcut gets back to
the pipeline.
Pix by Lloyd Falgout
January 2008
193A more uniform adjustment of the mat to the
headcut, but still approximately 14 ft until the
headcut gets back to the pipeline.
Pix by Derrick
March 18, 2009
194Looking perpendicular to flow at ACM adjusting to
stabilize the headcut.
Pix by Derrick
March 18, 2009
195Before
1962 months after project completion
1973 years 7 months after project completion
198Its a rental!!
Pix by Derrick
March 18, 2009
199Always carry your best friend to the formal!!
Cleophus (as a puppy) Rules!!!
200Questions ?????????????
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