States of matter Olomuodot

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States of matterOlomuodot
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Transitions between states of matter
geseous
vaporization
sublimation
desublimation
condensation
melting
liquid
solid
solidification (crystallization)
The transitions of a substance from one
state of matter to another are not connected
with a change in the chemical composition.
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Plasma state of matter
Plasma is partially or completely ionized
gas.
It consist of atoms, positively charged ions,
atomic nuclei and electrons.
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The Sun and stars consist of plasma. In the
upper part of the earths atmosphere (the
ionosphere) ionization occours under the
influence of the ultraviolet rays of the Sun.
This is why when space station pass though
this part of the atmosphere the radio connection
with earth station is disrupted.
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S o l i d s
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In contrast to the liquid and gaseous state,the
solid state of substances is characterized by
The greatest strength of the forces of
attraction between the constituen
tparticles (atoms, molecules and ions).
The proximity between them is gretest.
The particles of solids cannot move freely in
space, but rather oscillate about fixet positions.
Thus solids have a volume of their own which is
changed very little by external conditions
pressure (P) and temperature (T) in
contradistinction to gases.
Depending on the arrangement of their particles
in space, solids are amorphous (amorfinen) or
crystalline (kiteinen).
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Amorphous state(Amorfinen muoto)
The amorphous state is a variety of the
solid state, although in structure it is closer
to the liquid state.
In amorphous substances there is no long
range order between particles, just short range
order, such as is characteristic of liquid.
The constituent particles are not regularly
arranged and are therefore not connected by
forces that are equal in magnitude.
Overcoming these forces isnt effected by a
definite external forse hence the melting of
amorphous substances occurs in a wide
temperature interval.
Upon heating they soften and melt gradually.
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Amorphous state(Amorfinen muoto)
Amorphous substances have isotropic properties
their properties are independent of direction.
The amorphous state of substances is
unstable. Though very slowly, amorphous
substances pass into the crystalline state.
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Crystalline stateKiteinen muoto
The crystalline state is the more stable state of
solids.
It is characterized by a regular arrangement of
the constituent particles in space.
Monocrystals have a regular geometric form with a
definite number of sides, edges and vertices.
The sizes of the sides may change, but the angles
between them are constant.
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Kiitos