Organizing Data and Information

1
Organizing Data and Information

• Chapter 5

2
Principles and Learning Objectives

• The database approach to data management provides
  significant advantages over the traditional
  file-based approach.
• Define general data management concepts and
  terms, highlighting the advantages and
  disadvantages of the database approach to data
  management.
• Name three database models and outline their
  basic features, advantages, and disadvantages.

3
Principles and Learning Objectives

• A well-designed and well-managed database is an
  extremely valuable tool in supporting decision
  making.
• Identify the common functions performed by all
  database management systems and identify three
  popular end-user database management systems.

4
Principles and Learning Objectives

• The number and types of database applications
  will continue to evolve and yield real business
  benefits
• Identify and briefly discuss current database
  applications.

5
The Hierarchy of Data
6
Data Entities, Attributes, and Keys
7
The Traditional versus the Database Approach to
Data Management
8
The Traditional Approach
9
Traditional Approach

• Data redundancy
• Program-data dependence
• Data integrity

10
Database Approach
11
Advantages of the Database Approach
12
Advantages of the Database Approach
13
Disadvantages of the Database Approach
14
Data Modeling Database Models
15
Data Modeling and Database Models

• Content - What data should be collected?
• Access - What data should be given to what
  users?
• Logical structure - How will the data be
  organized to make sense to a particular user?
• Physical organization - Where will the data
  actually be located?

16
Data Modeling

• Enterprise data modeling
• Planned data redundancy
• Data model
• Entity-relationship diagrams

17
Entity-Relationship (ER) Diagrams
18
Data Models

• Hierarchical models
• Network models
• Relational models

19
Hierarchical (Tree) Models
20
Network Models
21
Relational Models
22
Relational Models
23
Data Cleanup
24
Database Management Systems (DBMSs)

• Provide a user view
• Create and modify the database
• Store and retrieve data
• Manipulate data
• Produce reports

25
Creating and Modifying the Database
26
Data Definition Language
27
Creating and Modifying the Database
28
Data Dictionary Benefits

• Reduced data redundancy
• Faster program development
• Easier data information modification
• Increased data reliability

29
Storing and Retrieving Data
30
Structured Query Language
31
Database Output
32
Popular Database Management Systems
33
Selecting a DBMS

• Database size
• Number of concurrent users
• Performance
• Integration
• Features
• Vendor
• Cost

34
Database Management Systems
35
Data Warehouses
36
Comparison of OLTP and Data Warehousing
37
Database Developments

• Data warehouses
• Data marts
• Data mining

38
Data Mining
39
Distributed Databases
40
On-Line Analytical Processing
41
Open Database Connectivity (ODBC)
42
Object-Relational Database Management Systems

• Stores objects
• Hypermedia
• Spatial data technology

43
Summary

• Data - one of the most valuable resources a firm
  possesses
• Entity - a generalized class of objects for which
  data is collected, stored, and maintained
• DBMS - a group of programs used as an interface
  between a database and application programs
• Traditional on-line transaction processing (OLTP)
  - do not support the types of data analysis
  needed today

44
Tutorial 2

• Discuss the following
• Data Warehouse
• Data Mining
• OLAP
• Advantages Disadvantages of DB
• Case study on page 238, Hyundai Shoots for 1
  with Executive DBMS  page 223