European Feudalism

1
European Feudalism

• Between 1400-1525 Europe will begin to change
  from a feudal society to a capitalist society.
  In feudalism, land is not private property,
  political authority is local. The 1300s were a
  century of disease and war, as shown at left.

2
Reformation

• Protestantism
• Martin Luther
• Henry VIII
• Inter-Christian Religious Warfare
• Catholic
• Protestant
• Mixed
• At this point Europeans sense of identity is
  local and religious.

3
Nation Building

• The nations we now know as Europe were built
  during the period 1300-1900.
• France England 1300s
• Spain 1492
• Italy 1848
• Germany 1860

4
European Trade 1478

• Silk Road
• Spice
• Silk
• 10x markup
• Venitian Bankers Muslims control
• Rennais-sance

5
THE OTHER

• The Other is a concept we use to describe a
  subjects sense of its identity. The Other
  defines the boundary of the Self. The Other is
  not always viewed negatively. What we want to
  know, is what traditions of otherness does Europe
  take with it on its voyages of exploration and
  conquest?
• Jews serve as an internal other and for 700
  years, Europe will be invaded repeatedly.

6
Jews

• The first Other
• Dependent non-citizens of the Christian world.
• racializing difference
• ghettoization
• hats, badges, stars, tattoos
• Economic Niches
• Medicine
• Banking

7
Heathens

• Viking Raids 700-1000
• Hun Invasions 600-800
• Europe sends missionaries to convert invaders

8
Viking Slave Trade

• Coastal Europe
• Russia
• Greenland
• 8,000 per year
• In 1300 75 of European households owned slaves

9
Mongols Invasions

• military threat
• Pope Innocent IV Letter to the Khan
• Catholicism is Church universal
• Non-catholics rule without dominium or divine
  sanction
• This will be applied to Indians when the time
  comes.

10
Islam

• Controls access to Asian trade
• Preserve knowledge of Greek Science/philosophy
• Practice religious tolerance

11
Africans Before Racism

• In the 1400-1600 period we have evidence of
  Africans living in European society as equals.
  They own property, marry, engage in trade and
  legal affairs. Their differences are noted but
  not marginalized. As the Europeans increase
  their exportation of Africans to the Americas
  their perceptions of Africans will deteriorate.
  Takakis chapter on the English conquest of
  Ireland suggests that that event is intertwined
  with African exportation in Europes first sense
  of racial difference.

12
Early Catholic question

• Aquinas
• we know the whole world.
• The apostles covered the earth.
• until 1570
• Americas thought a peninsula of Asia

13
Known World