INVASIVE SPECIES

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INVASIVE SPECIES

• Elizabeth Hawkins
• Shawn Ehlers
• Kristi Sheldon
• Abby Nelsh

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Invasive Species

• Invasive Not native to and tending to spread
  widely in a habitat or environment.

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Indianas Invasive Species of Concern

• Emerald Ash Borer
• Garlic Mustard
• Soybean Aphid
• Kudzu

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Soybean Aphid

• Found in the Midwest in 2000
• Native to Asia
• Scientists do not know how, when or where these
  aphids entered the United States

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Symptoms of Soybean Aphids

• White sheds collected on lower leaves
• Aphid honeydew- sticky residue on plants
• Charcoal- gray mold
• Plants under stress promote aphid spread

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Soybean Aphid Damage

• Remove water and nutrients from plant
• Leaf puckering
• Stunted growth
• Reduced pod size and seed counts
• Smaller seeds

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Treatment of Soybean Aphids

• 100 aphids per plant
• Lady bugs, pirate bugs, and lacewings all prey on
  aphids
• 250 aphids per plant
• Pesticides with organophosphate or synthetic
  pyrethroid are effective
• Maintain through coverage and canopy penetration
• Do not treat after R6 stage of growth

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Emerald Ash Borer

• Introduced to NE Indiana in 2004
• Native to Asia (far east Russia)
• Is thought to arrived in U.S. by packing material
  by ship and plane.

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Symptoms of Emerald Ash Borer

• Thinning Canopy in upper third
• Epicormic Shoots
• D-Shaped Holes
• S-Shaped Larval Feeding Tunnels
• Vertical Splits in Bark
• Woodpecker Activity

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Emerald Ash Borer Damage

• Larvae feed on inner bark.
• Disrupts trees ability to transport water and
  nutrients.
• Kills branches, then the entire tree.

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Treatment of Emerald Ash Borer

• Quarantine
• Outreach/Education
• Dont move firewood, it Bugs me!

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Garlic Mustard

• Introduced from Europe from early settlers.
• Grows in upland floodplain forests, savannas,
  roadsides, and yards
• Invasion of the forest start at edge of woods and
  migrate by stream, wind, and animals
• Garlic mustard is a biennial it has a two-year
  life cycle

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Effects of Garlic Mustard

• Weed that is displacing native woodland flowers
• It dominates the forest floor and can displace
  most native herbaceous species within ten years

First Year Seedling
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Elimination Techniques

• Hand Pulling
• - Plants must be bagged if already budded out.
• - Plants pulled before budding can be scattered
  to dry out.
• Cutting
• - Cut at ground before flower has opened.
• Herbicides
• - Use glyphosate on foliage
• Weed Torch
• - Flame newly germinated seedlings

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Second Year Plant Characteristics
Small White Flowers Height 1-4 feet tall Leaves
are heart shaped Tap Roots Seeds appear after
flowering and produce 100 seeds per plant
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Kudzu

• Originally from Asia
• Presented at the Centennial Exposition in
  Philadelphia in 1876 as an ornamental.
• In 1930s and 40s it was
• promoted by the Soil
• Conservation Service
• as erosion control.

Glenn Nice Purdue Extension Weed Science
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Habitat Effects

• Kudzu covers the landscape like a blanket and
  crowds out native species. Growing more than one
  foot per day.

USDA
USDA
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Control Strategies

• Today, kudzu covers over 7,000,000 acres in the
  United States.
• Mowing good first step, done repeatedly can
  weaken and eventually control the infestation
• Grazing excellent nutritional value,
• livestock may adequately control over time.
• Burning prescribed burning consumes
• leaves and stalks, resulting in weakening and
• eventual control.
• Herbicides most expensive option,
• Chemicals such as Banvil 2,4-D, Spike, and
• Transline are used. Follow-up is usually needed.
• 200,000 for an 8 acre cleanup in Evansville IN.
  

USDA
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Sources

• http//www.entm.purdue.edu/entomology/ext/targets/
  e-series/EseriesPDF/E-217.pdf
• http//dnr.wi.gov/invasives/fact/garlic.htm
• http//dnr.wi.gov/invasives/pubs/GarlicMustardHand
  out.pdf
• http//entm.purdue.edu/EAB/
• http//www.in.gov/dnr/forestry/news/eabashguide.ht
  ml
• http//www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/plants/kudzu.sh
  tml
• Glenn Nice, Purdue Extension Weed Science

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Questions?