World History

1
World History

• Chapter Four
• Section Three

2
Conflict

• Greek city-states would put aside differences and
  fight against a common enemy
• Persians had a huge empire that stretched from
  Asia Minor (turkey) to the border of India
• Ionian Greeks were under Persian rule and wanted
  to be free
• Rebelled against the Persians in 499 B.C.
  Athens sent ships to them to help fight the
  Persians

3
Persians

• Persians defeat the rebel Ionian city-states and
  Darius I the Persian King was mad at the
  Athenians for helping the Ionians and sent a
  massive force to destroy Athens
• Persians crossed the Aegean Sea and landed at
  Marathon Athens asked for help but did not
  receive much
• Athens charged the Persians and broke their ranks
  Persians fled back to their ships

4
Uniting of Greek States

• Persian King Darius I died before he could bring
  another attack on the Greeks
• Xerxes, Darius son, did not forget his fathers
  defeat and sent an even larger army to battle the
  Greeks
• Athens convinced the other city-states to fight
  with them against the Persians
• Persians landed at Thermopylae were they met a
  band of Spartans led by warrior-king Leonidas

5
Greece v. Persians

• 300 Spartans fought against the Persians killing
  many more than their numbers were
• In the end the Spartans were defeated by Persians
  at Thermopylae
• Persians went to Athens and burned the city it
  was empty though as the Athenians had already
  abandoned the city
• The Athenians engaged the Persians on the open
  sea in a naval battle

6
G v. P

• The Athenians had underwater battering rams on
  their boats and they used them to ram the Persian
  ships
• Persian ships were sank and Xerxes watched this
  from the shore as most of his army drowned in the
  sea
• The Greeks then defeated the Persians on land in
  Asia Minor (Turkey) this Persian defeat stopped
  their invasion of Greece

7
Delian League

• The Greeks victory over the Persians made them
  feel even more superior than they already did
  they felt the gods favored them and protected
  them
• Athens was the most powerful city-state in Greece
• Organized alliances agreements with other
  nations or powers
• Delian League Meeting held in Delios, leaders
  of city-states agreed to alliances with each other

8
Delian League

• Athens was the strongest member
• Moved the treasury to Athens and used its money
  to rebuild Athens
• When the other members in the alliance did not
  like what Athens was doing, Athens made them stay
  in the Delian League by threatening them with
  force

9
Direct Democracy

• After the Persian War there was a golden age for
  Athens
• Pericles Athenian statesman who was wise,
  skillful leader, helped the economy thrive and
  helped the government become more democratic

10
Athenian Democracy

• Under Pericles the Athenians practiced direct
  democracy
• Citizens take part in the day-to-day affairs of
  the government
• Today, we take part indirectly through elected
  representatives
• Council of 500 conducted daily government
  business
• Pericles believed alls citizens rich or poor
  should take part in the government- started to
  pay a stipend to assembly men

11
Athenian Democracy

• Athenians served on juries panel of citizens
  that make judgments on a trial
• Chosen to serve for a year
• Jury may include hundreds or thousands of jurors
  while our jury system only uses 12
• Athenians could banish someone they thought was a
  threat to their society called ostracism
• Person had to leave the city for about ten years

12
Peloponnesian War

• Many Greeks did not like the fact that Athens was
  the dominant state
• Sparta and other formed the Peloponnesian League
  to counter the Delian League that Athens ran
• Peloponnesian War Sparta and Athens went to war
  along with their allies
• The war lasted for 27 years

13
Peloponnesian War

• Sparta was inland so Athens could not use its
  superior navy to attack Sparta
• The Spartan army marched north to Athens to
  attack
• Pericles let the people living outside the walls
  in, overcrowding led to an outbreak of the plague
  that killed many Athenians and Pericles
• Sparta allied with Persia, used its navy to
  attack and defeated Athens

14
End of Athenian Rule

• Peloponnesian War ended Athens dominance in
  Greece
• Athens remained the cultural center of Greece but
  never returned to prominence
• Greek city-states continued to fight and did not
  realize a threat in the north the Macedonians
  who would conquer the Greeks