Irradiation facilities

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Irradiation facilities for semiconductor
detectors and electronics at the INFN National
Laboratory of Legnaro Andrea Candelori
Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare and
Dipartimento di Fisica, Padova
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OUTLINE
The SIRAD irradiation facility at the TANDEM
accelerator - high energy protons and ions.
The CN accelerator - protons and neutrons.
Total dose tests - Tungsten (W) and
Molybdenum (Mo) X-rays - 60Co ?-rays.
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The SIRAD Irradiation Facility
The SIRAD irradiation facility is located at the
Tandem accelerator of the INFN National
Laboratory of Legnaro (Padova, Italy).
Tandem accelerator -Van de Graaff type
15 MV maximum voltage two
strippers -servicing 3 experimental halls for
nuclear and interdisciplinary Physics
Schematics of the 15 MV Tandem Van de Graaff
accelerator and of the SIRAD irradiation facility
at the 70º beam line (left). A photograph of the
SIRAD irradiation facility is also shown for
completeness (right).
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Typical ion species available at SIRAD
Ion species from 1H (22-30 MeV) up to 197Au
(1.4 MeV/a.m.u.) LET from 0.02 MeV?cm2/mg (1H)
up to 81.7 MeV?cm2/mg (197Au)
The energy values refer to the most probable q1
and q2 charge state, with two stripper stations,
and the Tandem operating at 14 MV.
1st multi-source
2nd multi-source
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Low flux (?102-105 ions/cm2?s) irradiation set-up
on 2?2 cm2
The on-line beam monitoring system for defocused
beams by the fixed and mobile diodes -left side
view of the experimental set-up -right front
view (transverse to the beam) of the fixed and
mobile diode boards. The mobile diodes are
mounted on the sample holder with the DUT. The
figure is not drawn to scale.
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High flux (gt108-109 ions/cm2?s) irradiation
set-up on 5?5 cm2
The on-line beam monitoring for rastered proton
and ion beams by the 3?3 battery of Faraday cups
positioned behind the DUT side view of the
experimental setup. The aperture of each Faraday
cup is 0.6?0.6 cm2. The figure is not drawn to
scale.
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Example of validation for space mission
Validation of the ASIC for the GLAST Large Area
Telescope

• GLAST space telescope
• International collaboration (NASA, ESA, ASI,
  INFN,...)
• INFN Padova radiation tests of tracker, DAQ
  electronics
• ASICs validated for SEE at SIRAD
• ASICs validated for TD at CNR-ISOF 60Co ?-ray
  source
• COTS validated for SEE at SIRAD

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Summary of the main research activities at SIRAD
SEE in FPGA
SEE in ASICs for CMS, GLAST, AGILE, ALICE
Charge loss in Flash E2PROM
SEB, SEGR in power MOSFETs
RILC and RSB (Ultra-thin gate oxide)
Silicon detectors
More than 61 papers published in the last 4 years.
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Beam time allocation at SIRAD in 2004
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Beam time allocation at SIRAD in 2001-2004
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SIRAD Collaboration in Italy and abroad
1) Dip. di Fisica and INFN Padova 2) INFN
Laboratori Nazionali di Legnaro 3) Dip.
Ingegneria dellInformazione, Padova 4) Tecnomare
SpA (Venezia) 5) Center for Advance Space Optics
(Trieste) 6) Dip. Fisica and INFN, Trieste 7)
ITC-IRST (Trento) 8) Dip. Informatica e
Telecomunicazioni, Trento 9) INAF, Sezione di
Milano 10)ST Microelectronics (Agrate Brianza,
Milano) 11) Dip. Elettronica, Pavia 12) Dip.
Ingegneria Industriale, Bergamo 13) Dipartimento
di Fisica Sperimentale, Torino 14) Dip.
Automatica e Informatica,Politecnico di
Torino 15) Dip Fisica and INFN, Bologna 16) Dip.
Energetica and INFN, Firenze 17) Aurelia
Microelettronica S.p.A. (Viareggio) 18)
Dip.Ingegneria Elettronica, Università Roma 2 19)
INAF, Sezione di Roma 20) DAEIMI e DSM,
Università di Cassino 21) ST Microelectronics
(Catania) A) Institut für Experimentalphysik
(Amburgo, Germania) B) LETI (Grenoble,
Francia) C) Centro Nacional de Microelectronica
(Barcellona, Spagna) D) IMEC (Lovanio, Belgio) E)
Philips Semiconductor (Nijmegen, Olanda) F) CERN
(Ginevra, Svizzera) G) Helsinki Institute of
Physics (Finland) H) Santa Cruz Institute for
Particle Physica (California, U.S.A)
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CN accelerator
Characteristics Van de Graaff type, 7 MV maximum
voltage Ion species p (1H) d (2H) t (3H) 4He
(single or double charge) and 15N (double
charge) Max energy 7 MeV for single charged
species14 MeV for 4He 8 MeV for 15N.
T(d,n)4He
9Be(d,n)10B with moderator
D(d,n)3He 7Li(p,n)7Be 9Be(d,n)10B
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CN accelerator neutron beams
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W and Mo X-rays Seifert Rp-149 Irradiation
Facility
Tube with W (7.4-12.06 keV L-lines) or Mo
(17.4-19.6 keV K-lines) anode. Maximum tube
voltage 60 kV. Maximum tube current 50 mA. X,Y
(motorized) and Z (manual) axis for accurate
position setting of the tube. Radiation
hardness qualification of the APV25 chip for the
CMS silicon tracker.
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W and Mo X-rays radiation field dimensions
X position (mm)
Y position (mm)
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60Co ?-ray source (CNR-ISOF)
Irradiation Facility Panoramic Gammabeam model
150 A produced by Nordion Ltd (Canada) Photon
energies 1.165 MeV and 1.332 MeV Present
activity 2000 Ci (? 7.4?1013 Bq) Point source
for Dgt10 cm (D10-300 cm) Dose rate 5
rad(Si)/s at D20 cm, 1 rad(Si)/s at D45 cm
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Conclusions
The SIRAD irradiation facility at the 15 MV
TANDEM accelerator - Ion species from 1H (23-30
MeV) up to 197Au (1.4 MeV/a.m.u.) - LET from
0.02 MeV?cm2/mg up to 81.7 MeV?cm2/mg - High
(gt108-109 ions/cm2?s) and low (102-106
ions/cm2?s) flux set-up - Ion Electron Emission
Microscopy possibility - New irradiation chamber
and sample holder (ESA standards)
The CN accelerator - Monochromatic spectra
D(d,n)3He, T(d,n)4He, 7Li(p,n)7Be - Continuous
spectra 9Be(d,n)10B - Thermal neutrons
9Be(d,n)10B with moderator
Total dose tests - X-rays W (L-lines at 7-12
keV) and Mo (K-lines at 17-20 keV) anode
dose rate 120 rad(Si)/s.
- ?-rays 60Co with 1-5 rad(Si)/s dose rate
(D20-45 cm).
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Scuola Nazionale Rivelatori ed elettronica per
applicazioni spaziali, Astrofisica e Fisica delle
Alte Energie INFN Laboratori Nazionali di
Legnaro 4-8 Aprile 2005 More information on the
web site http//sirad.pd.infn.it/scuola_legnaro
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What is SIRAD?
SIRAD is the acronym for SIlicon and
RADiation. The SIRAD irradiation facility is
dedicated "to investigate radiation effects
on silicon detectors,
electronic devices and systems
in radiation hostile
environments". -Total dose effects as a result
of ionization damage. -Bulk effects as a result
of displacement damage. -Single event effects as
a result of an energetic particle strike. -High
energy physics experiments. -Space missions of
scientific and commercial satellites.
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SIRAD upgrade the Ion Electron Emission
Microscope (IEEM)
Purpose Single Event Effect mapping, Ion Beam
Induced Charge Collection studies.
Nuclear Microprobe µ-focused beam
IEEM defocused beam (Sandia)
Ion beam
2D electron detector at focal plane of electron
optics
Object slit
(Xhit,Yhit)
Nuclear Microprobe magnet optics for focusing
(e.g. triplet) and electron optics for scanning
secondary electrons
?
Ion beam
electron optics
(Xbeam,Ybeam)
coating
rastering pattern
channeltron hit confirmation by secondary
electrons
analysis of signal
analysis of signal
target
target
Resolution on target determined by beam optics
spot size and positioning.
Resolution on target lateral size of field of
view divided by linear line pair resolution of
sensor.
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SIRAD upgrade the Ion Electron Emission
Microscope (IEEM)
UV lamp
(PEEM)
SIRAD
contrast diaphragm
I
I
lens
PSD
Image intensifier
The ion impact position on the target is
determined by imaging the position from which
secondary electrons are emitted the intrinsic
resolution is of the order of 0.6 ?m over a 250
?m field of view.
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IEEM images with UV lamp and ion beam
Lattice step 40 mm Structure width is about
6 mm. The lattice is made by copper.
UV lamp
223 MeV Br ion beam
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W and Mo X-rays emission spectra
1.0
0.8
0.6
Photons/(mA?s?mm2) at 750 mm normalized to maximum
0.4
0.2
0.0
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
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Photon energy (keV)