Fundamental Physics Research will Power the New Internet

1
Fundamental Physics Research will Power the New
Internet

• Invited Talk to the
• UCSD Physics Department Brown Bag
• La Jolla, CA
• January 8, 2001
• Larry Smarr, Cal-(IT)2

2
Proposed UC San Diego and UC Irvine California
Institute for Telecommunications and Information
Technology

• 220 Faculty and Senior Researchers
• Layered Structure
• Materials and Devices
• Networked Infrastructure
• Interfaces and Software
• Strategic Applications
• Policy
• New Funding Model (4 Years)
• State 100M
• Industry 140M
• Private 30 M
• Campus 30M
• Federal 100-200M
• Total 400-500M
• One of Three Awarded

3
The Conceptual Frameworkof Cal-(IT)2
www.calit2.net
4
Novel Materials and Devices are Needed in Every
Part of the New Internet
Materials and Devices Team, UCSD
5
Components for Assembling Microdevices
MEMS structures fabricated and tested at the UCI
Integrated Nanosystems Research Facility
6
Nanoelectronics Holds the Promise of Extending
Moores Law
Because of the recent rapid and radical progress
in molecular electronics where individual atoms
and molecules replace lithographically drawn
transistors and related nanoscale technologies,
we should be able to meet or exceed the Moores
Law rate of progress for another 30
years. --Bill Joy, in Why the Future Doesnt
Need Us, Wired April 2000
7
Nanotechnology Blurs the Distinction Between
Biology and Physics
50 nanometers
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Simulation of Semiconductor Laser Diodes

• Three Interacting Problems
• Carrier Transport (Shockley Eqns.)
• Electromagnetic Modes (Maxwell Eqns.)
• Quantum Mechanical Energy States (Schroedinger
  Eqns.)
• Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers
• Optical Cavity Formed in Vertical Direction
• Light Taken From Top of Device (Surface Emission)
• Mirrors Formed by Stacks of Dielectric Layers

Hess, Grupen, Oyafuso, Klein, Register National
Center for Computational Electronics
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UCSD Cal-(IT)2 Materials and Devices Program
Students and Post Docs Technical support staff
Faculty
Molecular materials/devices
Chemical/biological sensors
Advanced fabrication and characterization
facility State-of-the-art capability for
materials and device processing/analysis
Materials theory/simulation
Nanophotonic components
Novel electronic materials
Advanced display materials
GaAs-based low-power MOS
High-speed optical switches
Nanoscale ultralow power electronics
Spintronics
GaN-based microwave transistors
Source UCSD MD Group
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Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center Proposal

• Multidisciplinary Team
• UCSD Physics (Schuller, Sham, Dynes, Hellman)
• UCSD ECE, Chem, Bioeng, MAE, Chem Eng, others
• Nanoscale Devices and Systems Architectures
• Nanoelectronics
• Nanophotonics
• Biosystems at the Nanoscale
• Nanofabrication by Biomolecular Recognition
• Electrochemical Nanofabrication
• Light Tweezers
• Nanoscale Structures, Novel Phenomena, and
  Quantum Effects
• Nanolithography and Growth
• Nanoscale Characterization
• Quantum Effects

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Planned Cal-(IT)2 UCSD Clean Room Facility
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BI / NCSA Remote Scanning Tunneling Microscope
Source Lyding, Brady
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Nanotechnology Will be Essential for Photonics
Source Shaya Fainman, UCSD
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Building a Quantum Network Will Require Three
Important Advances

• The development of a robust means of creating,
  storing and entangling quantum bits and using
  them for transmission, synchronization and
  teleportation
• The development of the mathematical underpinnings
  and algorithms necessary to implement quantum
  protocols
• The development of a repeater for long distance
  transmission with the minimum number of quantum
  gates consistent with error free transmission

DARPA
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Quantum Telecommunications SystemsDARPA Proposal

• Multidisciplinary Team (UCSD, CalTech)
• Physics (Sham, Schuller, Goodkind, Scherer)
• Math (Meyers, Wallach)
• ECE (Fainman, Yu, Rao, Tu)
• Protocols for Secure Quantum Communication
• Quantum Devices
• General Quantum Telecommunication Systems
• Algorithms
• Quantum Channel Characterization
• Bandwidth Enhancement

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Possible Multiple Qubit Quantum Computer

• SEM picture of posts fabricated at the Cornell
  Nanofabrication Facility
• PI John Goodkind (UCSD Physics) Roberto
  Panepucci of the CNF
• Electrons Floating over Liquid He
• One Electron per Gold Post

NSF ITR PROGRAM CASE WESTERN RESERVE
UNIVERSITY/ UCSD/MICHIGAN STATE
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The Wireless Internet will Transform
Computational Science and Engineering

• Teraflop Supercomputers Simulate in Dynamic 3D
• Evolving a System Requires Knowing the Initial
  State
• Add Wireless Sensors and Embedded Processors
• Give Detailed State Information
• Allows for Comparison of Simulation with Reality
• Computational Fields
• Environmental Modeling
• Civil Infrastructure Responses to Earthquakes
• Ecological Modeling
• Biomedical Systems
• Intelligent Transportation

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The Wireless Internet Adds Bio-Chemical-Physical
Sensors to the Grid

• From Experiments to Wireless Infrastructure
• Scripps Institution of Oceanography
• San Diego Supercomputer Center
• Cal-(IT)2
• Building on Pioneering Work of Hans-Werner Braun
  Frank Vernon

Source John Orcutt, SIO
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Bringing the Civil Infrastructure Online
New Bay Bridge Tower with Lateral Shear Links
Wireless Sensor Arrays Linked to Crisis
Management Control Rooms
Source UCSD Structural Engineering Dept.
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The High PerformanceWireless Research and
Education Network
Linking Astronomical Observatories to the
Internet is a Major Driver
NSF Funded PI, Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC Co-PI,
Frank Vernon, SIO 45mbps Duplex Backbone
http//hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN
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Wireless Antennas Anchor Network High Speed
Backbone
http//hpwren.ucsd.edu/Presentations/HPWREN
Source Hans-Werner Braun, SDSC
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Coming -- The Grid Physics Network

• Petabyte-scale computational environment for data
  intensive science
• CMS and Atlas Projects of the Large Hadron
  Collider
• Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave
  Observatory
• Sloan Digital Sky Survey (200 million objects
  each with 100 attributes)
• Paul Avery (Univ. of Florida) and Ian Foster (U.
  Chicago and ANL), Lead PIs
• Largest NSF Information Technology Research Grant
• 20 Institutions Involved
• 12 million over four years
• Requires distributed megacomputer

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Entropias Planetary Computer Grew to a Teraflop
in Only Two Years
The Great Mersenne Prime (2P-1) Search
(GIMPS) Found the First Million Digit
Prime www.entropia.com
Deployed in Over 80 Countries
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SETI_at_home Demonstrated that PC Internet Computing
Could Grow to Megacomputers

• Running on 500,000 PCs, 1000 CPU Years per Day
• 485,821 CPU Years so far
• Sophisticated Data Signal Processing Analysis
• Distributes Datasets from Arecibo Radio Telescope

Next Step- Allen Telescope Array
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Companies Competing for Leadershipin Internet
Computing
Intel Establishes Peer-to-Peer Working Group
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Entropia Donation brings Internet Computing to
Scientific Researchers

• Two Agreements Announced November 9, 2000 at SC00
• Entropia, Inc., and the Alliance
• Entropia, Inc., and the NPACI
• Entropia Will Donate 200 Million CPU Hours to
  PACI Program
• Largest Computing Platform for National Academic
  User Community
• Comparable to 10 Years Capacity of the Largest
  LES Systems
• Empower Computational Scientists
• Access to Massive Resources
• Drive Development of Computer Science
• Scalable Computational Algorithms and Techniques

Andrew Chien, Entropia, SC00