History of Whaling

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History of Whaling

• Early Whalers waited for dead whales to wash up
  on shore.
• 1600 - Beginning of commercial whaling only
  killed right whales for two centuries
• 1800 - Right Whales numbers depleted in North
  Atlantic whalers turn to sperm whales. By
  mid-1800s there are 730 American whaling ships
  out of New England ports.

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• 1890 Sperm whales numbers decline in North
  Atlantic American whalers move to west coast and
  begin killing gray whales in the Pacific. In 4
  years, they reduced the herd numbers from 30,000
  to lt 1,000.

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• 1900 Advent of steam ships and harpoon guns
  enable killing of big rorquals which had been too
  fast for sailing ships.
• 1925 - All whales became scarce in Atlantic
  Pacific whalers turn to southern oceans and
  develop the factory ship whaling technique

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• 1930s- Greatest total kill of any decade.
  Automatic transmissions in automobiles require
  high quality lubricants whale oil is best

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• 1935 - First international whale agreement ever
  protects right, gray bowhead whales.
• 1946 - International Whaling Commission (I.W.C.)
  is chartered. 14 nations organize to set
  seasons,quotas and bans. No enforcement
  authority

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• 1975 - Greenpeace sails to confront Soviet
  whalers killing gray whales off California

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• 1982 -IWC is a 41 member-nation organization.
  IWC votes for 10-year moratorium on all
  commercial whaling to begin in 1986. In 1982
  eight nations still whaling commercially. Peru,
  South Korea, Chile Spain agree to comply.
  Soviet Union, Japan, Iceland, Norway file
  objections (notice that they refuse to comply) to
  moratorium. Discovery of jojoba (ho-ho-ba), a
  desert plant that has oil in its bean nearly
  identical chemically to whale oil. This plant is
  now being hybridized into a commercially viable
  crop plant. In time it may be the weapon needed
  to end whaling by making available an abundant
  supply of high quality oil to the market at a
  lower price than whale oil. (read Killing for
  Oil)
• 1983 - Long John Silvers cancels massive orders
  from Icelandic fish companies causing Iceland to
  withdraw objection moving it into the group of
  nations that will comply

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• 1986 - Soviet Union, Japan, Iceland Norway all
  comply to no commercial whaling file notice of
  intent to do scientific whaling as allowed by
  IWC regulation. A loophole!! Japan buys all
  whale meat from other three.

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• 1988 - Soviet Union becomes non-whaling nation.
  Greenpeace organizes boycott of Icelandic fish
  products and ask Long John Silvers, Captain Ds
  and Burger King (three largest consumers of fish
  products in U.S.) to join. Icelands economy is
  70 fishing industry. U.S. buys 30 of Iceland
  fish exports. Iceland responds by threatening to
  kick NATO base off island if boycott continues

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• 1993 - Japan, Iceland Norway continue to kill
  whales scientifically. In June Norway gives
  notice that it plans to resume commercial
  whaling in 1994 (see Time Magazine article). The
  moratorium is failing

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• 1996 - January 1 is end of 10-year moratorium.
  Five of the eight whaling nations have ceased.
  Three continue. IWC extends moratorium, still in
  force today

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• 1999 - stats from IWC these are reported to IWC
  by whaling nations. 1448 whales killed.
• Southern hemisphere Japan 389 minkes.
• North Atlantic Denmark (abor) 9 fins, Denmark
  (abor) Norway 776 minkes, Grenadines 2
  humpbacks.
• North Pacific Japan 100 minkes, Russia (Abor) 1
  bowhead 123 grays, USA (abor) 47 bowhead 1
  gray.

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IWC Today
LIST OF MEMBER NATIONS (Total 88) Antigua
Barbuda, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium,
Belize, Benin, Brazil, Bulgaria, Cambodia,
Cameroon, Chile, China, People's Rep of Congo,
Rep of the Costa Rica, Côte d'Ivoire, Croatia,
Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Dominica,
Dominican Republic, Ecuador, Eritrea, Estonia,
Finland, France, Gabon Gambia, Germany, Ghana,
Rep of Greece, Grenada, Guatemala, Guinea-Bissau,
Guinea, Rep of Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland,
Israel, Italy, Japan, Kenya, Kiribati, Korea, Rep
of Laos, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Mali, Marshall
Islands, Rep of Mauritania, Mexico, Monaco,
Mongolia, Morocco, Nauru, The Netherlands, New
Zealand, Nicaragua, Norway, Oman, Palau, Panama,
Peru, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian
Federation, San Marino, St. Kitts Nevis, St.
Lucia, St. Vincent The Grenadines, Senegal,
Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South
Africa, Spain, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland,
Tanzania, Togo, Tuvalu, UK, Uruguay, USA
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Current Estimates from IWChttp//www.iwcoffice.or
g/conservation/estimate.htm

• http//assets.panda.org/downloads/totalwhaleskille
  d2006.pdf
• 2004/05
• Iceland NA minke SP 25 (scientific permit)
• Japan NP minke SP 160
• Japan NP Brydes SP 51
• Japan NP sperm SP 3
• Japan NP sei SP 100
• Japan SH minke SP 441
• Norway NA minke OBJ 544 (objection to
  moratorium)
• 2004/05 Total 1324
• Total whales killed since the moratorium went
  into effect
• 27,030