Another Instinct theory of Motivation

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Another Instinct theory of Motivation
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• Freuds Instincts
• two basic Instincts that serve to motivate all
  thoughts, emotions, and behavior. 
• These two Instincts are, simply put, sex and
  aggression. 
• Also called Eros and Thanatos, or life and death,
  respectively, they underlie every motivation we
  as humans experience.
• Freud believed that the majority of what we
  experience in our lives, the underlying emotions,
  beliefs, feelings, and impulses are not available
  to us at a conscious level.  He believed that
  most of what drives us is buried in our
  unconscious. 

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ID

• we are born with our Id.  The id is an important
  part of our personality because as newborns, it
  allows us to get our basic needs met.  Freud
  believed that the id is based on our pleasure
  principle.  In other words, the id wants whatever
  feels good at the time, with no consideration for
  the reality of the situation.  The id doesn't
  care about reality, about the needs of anyone
  else, only its own satisfaction. 

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EGO
Within the next three years, as the child
interacts more and more with the world, the
second part of the personality begins to
develop.  Freud called this part the Ego.  The
ego is based on the reality principle.  The ego
understands that other people have needs and
desires and that sometimes being impulsive or
selfish can hurt us in the long run.  Its the
ego's job to meet the needs of the id, while
taking into consideration the reality of the
situation.  
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• By the age of five, the Superego develops.  The
  Superego is the moral part of us and develops due
  to the moral and ethical restraints placed on us
  by our caregivers.  Many equate the superego with
  the conscience as it dictates our belief of 
  right and wrong.

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Id, Ego, Superego

• In a healthy person, according to Freud, the ego
  is the strongest so that it can satisfy the needs
  of the id, not upset the superego, and still take
  into consideration the reality of every
  situation.  Not an easy job by any means, but if
  the id gets too strong, impulses and self
  gratification take over the person's life.  If
  the superego becomes to strong, the person would
  be driven by rigid morals, would be judgmental
  and unbending in his or her interactions with the
  world. 

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• Unconscious Motivation
• Freuds Conscious-Unconscious Distinction
• According to Freud, awareness resulted from when
  motives had entered consciousness from either the
  preconscious or the unconscious.
• Preconscious Contains thoughts, feelings,
  sensations, and memories
• Unconscious in which the various mental
  excitations are crowding upon one another, like
  individual beings. This is the part that is
  unavailable to the individual.
• Our conscious makes up a very small part of who
  we are.  In other words, at any given time, we
  are only aware of a very small part of what makes
  up our personality most of what we are is buried
  and inaccessible.

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• Motivational Instincts and the Unconscious
• Motivation according to Freud was based on the
  satisfaction of unconscious instinctual impulses.
• The impulses start in the body and reach
  consciousness, where they exert pressure. The aim
  (goal) of behavior then is to reduce this
  pressure. The object (can be internal or
  external) of the impulse is the incentive that
  allows the aim to be directed. The source is the
  body part or maybe a chemical in the brain from
  which the instinct is manifest.

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• Satisfying Unconscious Impulses
• Freud argued that expressing many of our sexual
  urges and desires would cause us embarrassment or
  other problems.Therefore, we express them in
  other ways. Such as through art, jokes, dreams,
  and the other more acceptable avenues.- DEFENSE
  MECHANISMS
• Denial claiming/believing that what is true to
  be actually false.
• Displacement redirecting emotions to a
  substitute target.
• Intellectualization taking an objective
  viewpoint.
• Projection attributing uncomfortable feelings to
  others.
• Rationalization creating false but credible
  justifications.
• Reaction Formation overacting in the opposite
  way to the fear.
• Regression going back to acting as a child.
• Repression pushing uncomfortable thoughts into
  the subconscious.
• Sublimation redirecting 'wrong' urges into
  socially acceptable actions.

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• Suppression of emotional memories.