GOES-14 Imager and Sounder

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GOES-14Imager and Sounder

• a preliminary look

Timothy J. Schmit NOAA/NESDIS/Satellite
Applications and Research Advanced Satellite
Products Branch (ASPB) Mathew M. Gunshor, Tony
Schreiner, Scott Bachmeier, Joleen Feltz, Steve
Wanzong, SSEC Data Center, etc. CIMSS/SSEC,
Madison, WI
Don Hillger and Tim Schmit co-lead the NOAA
Science Test
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Outline

• Introduction
• First imager and sounder images
• Issues
• Comparisons
• Improved imager band 6 (13.3 um) spatial
  resolution
• Preliminary inter-calibration results
• Improved INR and Operation thru eclipse
• Initial products (imager and sounder)
• Web links

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GOES-14

• GOES-13/14/P have similar instruments to
  GOES-8-12, but on a different spacecraft bus.
• Spring and fall eclipse outages will be avoided
  by larger onboard batteries.
• Improved navigation
• Improved radiometrics

GOES-8/12
GOES-13/14/P
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GOES-14

• GOES-O Science Test web page http//rammb.cira.co
  lostate.edu/projects/goes-o/

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vortex in the marine layer clouds , snow
sediment plume
Amazon suppressing the formation of cumulus
actinoform clouds
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Noted several issue with initial GOES-14 data
GOES-14 Imager

• Important diagnostic work was under-taken. After
  an issue was raised dealing with the data stream
  of imager band 6, the suggested fix was
  implemented at the ground station. Many groups,
  both within NOAA/NESDIS, the Cooperative
  Institutes, NASA and others, quickly worked
  together to fix this issue.

Erroneous line headers of the GOES-14 Imager
bands 3 and 6 (the 6.5 and 13.3 um) in the first
official full disk images.
The first two official full disk images were too
wide and hence displayed extra header
information within the frame of data.
Sponsor OSD G-PSDI Program
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Noted several issue with initial GOES-14 data
GOES-12 Imager
GOES-14 Imager (before fix)

• Important diagnostic work was under-taken. After
  an issue was raised dealing with the data stream
  of imager band 6 (13.3 um) , the suggested fix
  was implemented at the ground station. Many
  groups, both within NOAA/NESDIS, the Cooperative
  Institutes, NASA and others, quickly worked
  together to fix this issue.

Note the artificial stair-step of cloud edges
due to the detectors initially being out of order
in GVAR.
Erroneous detector flip of the GOES-14 Imager
band 6 (the 13.3 um) in the first IR images.
Another issue was the flipped order of the band
6 of the GOES-14 imager in the GVAR datastream.
This was communicated, corrected and verified.
Sponsor OSD G-PSDI Program
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First GOES-14 Imager and Sounder images
H

• On August 17th and 18th, the first official
  Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
  (GOES)-14 infrared (IR) images were scanned.
• Qualitatively, the data from the Imager and
  Sounder are high quality, with improved
  signal-to-noise ratios compared to other
  operating GOES satellites.
• The NOAA Science test will begin in December of
  2009.

First GOES-14 Imager data on August 17, 2009
First GOES-14 Sounder data on August 18, 2009
The first GOES-14 Imager and Sounder images look
to be of high quality, this is the first step for
the subsequent NOAA science test check-out.
Sponsor OSD G-PSDI Program
(Courtesy of T. Schmit)
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First GOES-14 Images (sub-sampled)
Note the brighter GOES-14 visible image
From NOAA ASPB
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GOES-12 (for comparison)
Note the sub-satellite points are different
From NOAA ASPB
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GOES-14 Sounder!
Note clean signal, especially bands 1, 2, 12 and
15.
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GOES-12 Sounder
Data has been remapped to a common projection.
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River Fog
GOES-12
GOES-14
The fog is a bit brighter and a little more
extensive in the GOES-14 image. GOES-14 is
able to discern urban centers more readily than
GOES-12.
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Imager SRF
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Improved spatial resolution of GOES-14 Imager
band 6
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GOES-14
GOES-12

• The improved spatial resolution of the
  Geostationary Operational Environmental
  Satellites (GOES)-14 imager band 6 has been
  verified. This band, centered at 13.3 um, has a
  number of uses, the main being cloud height
  determination.
• Important diagnostic work was under-taken. After
  an issue was raised dealing with the data stream
  of imager band 6, the suggested fix was
  implemented at the ground station. Many groups,
  both within NOAA/NESDIS, the Cooperative
  Institutes, NASA and others, quickly worked
  together to fix this issue.

The 13.3 um band 6 of the GOES-12 (left panel)
has an 8 km IGFOV (Instantaneous Geometric Field
of View) while the same band on the GOES-14
(right panel) has a 4 km IGFOV. Note the finer
resolution of the cloud edges and the cleaner
image.
The improved spatial resolution of the GOES-14
imager band 6 (over GOES-12/13 imagers) has been
verified with initial on-orbit data.
Sponsor OSD G-PSDI Program
(Courtesy of T. Schmit)
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Methodology GEO IASI Intercal

• Collocation in time and space.
• Within 30 minutes at geostationary subpoint (GSNO
  Geostationary Simultaneous Nadir Observation)
• Low Satellite View Angles (lt 14)
• Spatial smoothing
• 100km running average mitigates the negative
  effects of poor spatial and temporal collocation,
  poor navigation, and spatial resolution
  differences.
• Average radiances, not temperatures.
• Compare a common area around the GEO sub-point,
  not pixel to pixel comparisons
• Convolve high spectral resolution Radiance
  spectra with GEO Spectral Response Function.
• Compare mean scene brightness temperatures
  (converted from mean scene radiances).

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Preliminary intercalibration results with GOES-14
Imager using IASI

• Mean temperature differences with IASI (for 12
  cases) are
• -0.4 K for the Shortwave Window band (5 night
  cases)
• 0.8 K for the Water Vapor band
• 0.1 K for the IR Window band
• -0.6 K for the CO2 Absorption band
• The CO2 band SRF may be updated before the
  science test takes place.
• Some of these results may include cases where
  navigation was not optimal.

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Improved INR
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Operation through Eclipse
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GOES Series Sounder Noise
Wavelength Channel GOES-08 GOES-09 GOES-10 GOES-11 GOES-12 GOES-13 GOES-14 SPEC (I-M)
14.70 1 1.760 1.160 0.710 0.670 0.750 0.320 0.330 0.660
14.40 2 1.210 0.800 0.510 0.510 0.640 0.260 0.280 0.580
14.10 3 0.980 0.560 0.410 0.370 0.450 0.240 0.220 0.540
13.90 4 0.740 0.460 0.410 0.360 0.390 0.190 0.170 0.450
13.40 5 0.680 0.450 0.360 0.340 0.350 0.190 0.160 0.440
12.70 6 0.320 0.190 0.160 0.170 0.140 0.110 0.098 0.250
12.00 7 0.200 0.130 0.090 0.110 0.110 0.100 0.080 0.160
11.00 8 0.130 0.090 0.120 0.140 0.120 0.120 0.110 0.160
9.70 9 0.160 0.110 0.100 0.130 0.140 0.120 0.090 0.330
7.40 10 0.080 0.080 0.070 0.090 0.100 0.090 0.040 0.160
7.00 11 0.070 0.050 0.040 0.060 0.060 0.050 0.030 0.120
6.50 12 0.110 0.090 0.070 0.110 0.110 0.070 0.030 0.150
4.57 13 0.012 0.008 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.007 0.003 0.013
4.52 14 0.010 0.007 0.005 0.007 0.006 0.007 0.003 0.013
4.45 15 0.009 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.003 0.013
4.13 16 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.008
3.98 17 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.008
3.70 18 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.004
GOES-14 the best Sounder yet wrt noise
performance!
Units mW/(m2 ster cm-1)
Preliminary
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Visible
GOES-14 SNR of 331
GOES-12 SNR of 131
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GOES-14 Imager AMV (low-level)
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GOES-14 Imager AMV (mid and upper-level)
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GOES-14Imager and Sounder

• http//rammb.cira.colostate.edu/projects/goes-o/
• http//www.star.nesdis.noaa.gov/star/GOES-14FirstI
  mage.php
• http//www.ssec.wisc.edu/media/spotlight/goes14/ir
  .html
• http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/blog/archives/3054
  
• http//www.ssec.wisc.edu/data/geo/index.php?satell
  itegoes14filejpg
• http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/rt/sounder-dpi.php