THE GOES-R SERIES ADVANCED BASELINE IMAGER (ABI)

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THE GOES-R SERIES ADVANCED BASELINE IMAGER (ABI)
Timothy J. Schmit NOAA/NESDIS/ORA Advanced
Satellite Products Team (ASPT) James J Gurka
NOAA/NESDIS/OSD Mathew M. Gunshor, Jun Li,
etc. Cooperative Institute for Meteorological
Satellite Studies (CIMSS) Madison, WI
GOES-R Users Conference May 2004
UW-Madison
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Limitations of Current GOES Imagers

• Missing spectral bands
• Low spatial resolution
• Regional/Hemispheric scan conflicts
• Eclipse and related outages

The ABI (Advanced Baseline Imager) is the next
generation operational geostationary imager. The
GOES-R/ABI era will begin in 2012.
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The Advanced Baseline Imager
ABI Current Spectral Coverage
16 bands 5 bands Spatial resolution 0.64 mm
Visible 0.5 km Approx. 1 km Other
Visible/nearIR 1.0 km n/a Bands (gt2 mm) 2
km Approx. 4 km Spatial coverage Full disk
4 per hour Every 3 hours CONUS 12
per hour 4 per hour Visible On-orbit
calibration Yes No Low-light imaging
Yes No
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ABI spatial coverage rate versus the current GOES
Imager
ABI coverage in 5 minutes
Current GOES coverage in 5 minutes

• There are two anticipated scan modes for the ABI
• full disk images every 15 minutes CONUS images
  every 5 minutes mesoscale.
• Full disk every 5 minutes.

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Visible and near-IR channels on the ABI
Radiance
The current GOES has only one visible band.
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While there are differences, there are also many
similarities for the spectral bands on MET-8 and
the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI). Both the
MET-8 and ABI have many more bands than the
current operational imagers.
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Weighting Functions for the IR channels on the ABI
Weighting functions for the standard atmosphere
at a local zenith angle of 40 degrees.
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ABI Bands
Based on experience from
Current GOES Imagers
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ABI Bands
Based on experience from
MSG/AVHRR/Sounder(s)
Current GOES Imagers
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ABI Bands
Based on experience from
MODIS, Aircraft, etc
MSG/AVHRR/Sounder(s)
Current GOES Imagers
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ABI NEdT Spec Values
Approximate noise for the current GOES Imager
bands in (Bold). Note these are for larger FOV
(between 4 and 16 times) than the ABI!
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Noise 0.1 K for most IR bands 0.3 K for the
13.3 band 3001 for the reflective bands
NEDT_at_300K
 
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Select Products clouds/fog solar
insolation aerosol products hurricane
intensity cloud phase, cloud particle size
snow, ice volcanic ash/ SO2 land/sea
surface temperature atmospheric
motion fires cloud height/emissivity haze/dust
NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation
Index) severe weather signatures turbulence ozo
ne radiances, cloud mask rainfall
Products that are highlighted are included in
this talk
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Great Lakes Region Feb 12, 2001
MODIS Bands 1/4/3 (0.65, 0.555, 0.47 µm)
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Linden_haze_0.47 µm (ABI spectral band from
AVIRIS data)
Smoke
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Daytime water/ice cloud delineation
Baum
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Three-color composite (0.64, 1.6 and 11 µm) shows
the low cloud over the snow and the water versus
ice clouds.
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Visible and near-IR channels on the ABI
The ABI visible and near-IR bands have many uses.
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Utility of the 0.86 ?m band

• Useful in determining vegetation amount,
  aerosols, and for ocean/land studies.
• Enables localized vegetation stress monitoring,
  fire danger monitoring, and albedo retrieval.
• Provides synergy with the AVHRR/3 and VIIRS.

AVIRIS data
SCARB_0.85µm
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Volcanic Ash Plume 11-12 and 8.5-11 µm images
One day after the Mt. Cleveland eruption 20
February 2001, 0845 UTC
Simulated ABI (11-12 µm)
Simulated ABI (8.5-11 µm)
PosterEllrod
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SO2 calculations from F. Prata
Slightly shift, toward larger wavenumbers, the
two narrow ABI water vapor bands to better
discriminate the SO2 peak.
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ABI Water Vapor Band Differences convolved from
AIRS data (SO2 plume from Montserrat Island, West
Indies )
Difference of left and right images
ABI 7.4 µm - 7.0 µm
ABI 7.34 µm - 6.95 µm (shifted)
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Upper-level SO2 posterSchreiner et al.
Plume
Simulated IR spectrums for normal and SO2
enriched atmosphere and spectral response
functions
Difference and GOES-R ABI SRF
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GOES-R ABI will improve fire detection and
characterization useful for air quality
monitoring and forecasting
GOES-8 Wildfire ABBA fire product for the
Pacific Northwest Date August 17, 2001 Time
2200 UTC
FIRES
Smoke
NAAPS Model Aerosol Analysis for the continental
U.S. Date August 18, 2001 Time 1200 UTC
PosterSchmidt et al. and S. Kondragunta et al.
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PosterSchmidt Miller
ABI Natural Color Image (from MODIS)
This represents a best case for generating an
natural color Red-Green-Blue composite image,
given the MODIS 550 nm data from this image was
used to build the Look Up Table (LUT) to simulate
the green component from the other spectral
bands. The HES-Coastal Water will have a 550 nm
band.
Hurricane Isabel on September 18, 2003 from MODIS
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The created ABI natural color image with green
band from look-up table (middle panel), the
original natural color image from red, green and
blue bands (left panel), and the difference in
percentage (white0, black100) between the
images. MODIS data were used. This represents
the best case, given the MODIS 0.55 um data
from this image was used for the LUT.
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13.3 ?m allows for better cloud-top information
estimates
GOES-12 Imager -- Cloud Top Pressure
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Mountain Waves in WV channel (6.7 µm) 7
April 2000, 1815 UTC
Simulated ABI
Actual GOES-8
Mountain waves over Colorado and New Mexico were
induced by strong northwesterly flow associated
with a pair of upper-tropospheric jet streaks
moving across the elevated terrain of the
southern and central Rocky Mountains. The
mountain waves appear more well-defined over
Colorado in fact, several aircraft reported
moderate to severe turbulence over that region.
Both images are shown in GOES projection.
UW/CIMSS
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Fog -- Based on GOES Imager 3.9 µm
5 March 2001 - Nocturnal Fog/Stratus Over the
Northern Plains
Both images are shown in the GOES projection.
Fog
UW/CIMSS
ABI image (from MODIS) shows greater detail in
structure of fog.
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Higher Spatial Resolution GOES Channels
Simulated ABI (from MODIS)
concentric anvil-layer waves
Enhanced V IR windows May 25, 2000
Enhanced V
Actual GOES
http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/000525.html
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Satellite-derived rainfall estimates
Satellite-derived precipitation estimates will be
improved for GOES-R - higher spatial resolution
(better depiction of cold cores) - more
frequent images (offers cell growth
information) - improved cloud height (with
multiple bands and HES) - new ABI bands (phase
information, better cloud detection) - better
NEdTs - better navigation/registration
PosterKuligowski
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Radiances and Cloud Mask This includes both the
navigated, calibrated pixels, as well as a
clear-sky mask. For example, MODIS uses 17 of
the 36 MODIS bands to identify the presence of
clouds. For the ABI Potentially all bands
would be used, depending on the location and time
of day. Plus, both clear and cloudy radiances
can be used for Numerical Weather Prediction
(NWP) along with a host of products (winds,
cloud-top information, snow cover, etc.)
PosterFrey et al.
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1.88 ?m (or 1.38 ?m) is helpful for contrail
detection
Examples from MAS (Chs 2, 10, 16). Contrail
detection is important when estimating many
surface parameters. There is also interest in
the climate change community.
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Combined GOES-8 -10 Imager Long Wave Band (11.0
?m)
Sample
Combined GOES-8 -10 Imager Water Vapor Band
(6.7 ?m) Clear-Sky Brightness Temperature (CSBT
Image)
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PosterWimmers
Current routine GOES and ABI temporal
sampling Regional View
ABI
This simulated GOES-R ABI loop was created by
morphing between two actual GOES images.
"Morphing" describes a broad category of digital
image algorithms used to create smooth, seamless
transitions between two or more images.
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• MET-8
• The advanced multi-spectral geostationary
  operational imager, Met-8, can be used to prepare
  for the ABI.

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Improved products will be realized from
combinations of ABI and HES (Hyperspectral
Environmental Suite) data (IR and Visible/near
IR on the HES-Coastal Water)!
ABI
HES
Spectral coverage
Surface emissivity
Spectral resolution
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Much improved spatial coverage with the HES
Sounder
Current GOES Sounder coverage in one hour
GOES-R HES Sounder coverage in one hour
Cloud Top Pressure
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GOES R Observational RequirementsPreliminary
Instrument Allocation
ABI Advanced Baseline Imager
HES Hyperspectral Environmental Suite
SEM Space Environment Monitor
SXI Solar X-Ray Imager
GLM GOES Lightning Mapper
Does not reflect individual geographic coverage
requirements.
Prepared By L.OConnor 04/23/2004
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Using MODIS, MET-8 and AIRS to simulate the
spectral bands on the Advanced Baseline Imager
(ABI)
0.64?m (MODIS)
0.86?m (MODIS)
1.38?m (MODIS)
0.47?m (MODIS)
1.61?m (MET-8)
2.26?m (MODIS)
3.9?m (MODIS)
6.19?m (MET-8)
6.95?m (AIRS)
7.34?m (AIRS)
8.5?m (MODIS)
9.61?m (MODIS)
10.35?m (AIRS)
11.2?m (MODIS)
12.3?m (MODIS)
13.3?m (MODIS)
(K)
(reflectance)
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Using MODIS, MET-8 and AIRS to simulate the
spectral bands on the Advanced Baseline Imager
(ABI)
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Similar bands on the GOES-12 Imager
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Data needed to realistically simulate the ABI
Attribute Instruments

Spatial resolutions (IR) MODIS (no 10.35 µm)
Spatial resolutions (Vis/nearIR) MODIS Aircraft AVIRIS
Spectral widths (IR) AIRS (no 8.5 µm, spectral gaps) Aircraft NAST-I MSG/MET-8
Spectral widths (Vis/nearIR) Aircraft AVIRIS
Temporal aspects Current GOES in special mode MSG/MET-8 (15 min. full disk)
Spatial spectral temporal None.
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Summary -- ABI

• ABI addresses Imager concerns by
• increasing spatial resolution
• - closer to NWS goal of 0.5 km IR
• scanning faster
• - temporal sampling improved
• - more regions scanned
• adding bands
• - new and/or improved products enabled
• Simulations (from MODIS, AIRS, NAST-I, MSG and
  AVIRIS) show that the ABI addresses needs for
  cloud, moisture, air quality and surface
  products.
• Every product from the current GOES imager will
  be improved!
• Every band on the ABI will be used for a number
  of products.
• ABI will allow exciting new products from
  geostationary orbit, especially when combined
  with data from the HES.

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More information -- ABI

• ABI Research Home page (with a link to all these
  links)
• http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/
• ABI Simulated images from NASA AIRS Direct
  Broadcast
• http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/abi/airs_broadcas
  t/aniairs.html
• GOES and MODIS Galleries
• http//cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes/misc/interesting_
  images.html
• http//terra.ssec.wisc.edu/gumley/images.html
• ABI Documentation from NASA
• http//goes2.gsfc.nasa.gov/abihome.htm
• ABI Simulated Spectral Response functions
• ftp//ftp.ssec.wisc.edu/ABI/SRF

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