Chapter 7 Research in Psychology

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Chapter 7Research in Psychology
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A hypothesis is _____.

• one of the final stages of an experiment
• a fact that has been tested and proven
  scientifically
• a statement about the relationship between two or
  more variables
• both b and c

3
If a variable is operationally defined, it is
defined in terms of _____.

• the operation that is used to measure it
• its relation to the hypothesis of the experiment
• its relationship with the other variables in the
  experiment
• all of the above

4
General Syke (a famous military
psychologist) believes that soldiers march faster
when their boots are shined than when they are
scuffed. To test his hypothesis, he ordered 50
18-year-old privates to shine their boots (as
they do every day) and to march 10 miles. He
then ordered 50 different 18-year-old privates to
leave their boots unshined and to march the same
10 mile route. He measured the marching speed of
both groups and discovered they marched the 10
miles in exactly the same time. Use this
information to answer the following questions.
5
In this experiment, the hypothesis was that
_____.

• soldiers prefer to march in shiny boots
• soldiers march faster in shiny boots
• the condition of soldiers boots does not affect
  their marching speed
• two groups of soldiers march faster than one
  group of soldiers

6
Which of the following was a variable in
this experiment?

• the condition of the soldiers boots
• the amount of time it took the soldiers to march
  the 10 miles
• the age of the soldiers
• all of the above

7
The independent variable in this experiment
was the _____.

• condition of the soldiers boots
• time it took them to march the 10 miles
• age of the soldiers
• the 10 mile route they marched

8
DailyDouble!

• The next question is worth twice as many points
  as normal.

9
The dependent variable in this experiment
was the _____.

• condition of the soldiers boots
• time it took the soldiers to march 10 miles
• age of the soldiers
• 10 mile route the soldiers marched

10
An extraneous variable in this experiment
was the _____.

• condition of the soldiers boots
• age of the soldiers
• 10 mile route the soldiers marched
• both b and c

11
If the average age of the soldiers in the
two groups had been different or if the two
groups had marched difference 10 mile routes,
then these extraneous variables would also have
become _____ variables.

• dependent
• independent
• random
• confounding

12
The experimental group in this study was the
group that _____.

• shined its boots
• left its boots unshined
• marched 10 miles
• was composed of 18-year-old privates

13
Random assignment is used to control for
possible _____ variables.

• dependent
• independent
• extraneous
• operational

14
From which of the following types of
research methods can a psychologist infer a
cause-and-effect relationship between variables?

• survey
• case study
• experiment
• naturalistic observation

15
Which of the following methods would a
psychologist use if she wanted to perform an
in-depth study of the life of a highly unusual
person (e.g., a child prodigy or a serial killer)?

• survey
• case study
• experiment
• naturalistic observation

16
Questionnaires and interviews are most
closely associated with the _____ method.

• survey
• case study
• experiment
• naturalistic observation

17
If you wanted to investigate the behavior of
grizzly bears in their own habitat, you would
most likely use the _____ method.

• survey
• case study
• experiment
• naturalistic observation

18
Dr. Collins added the test scores of all the
students in her class and then divided that total
by the number of students. Which of the
following had she calculated?

• mode
• mean
• median
• none of the above

19
Which of the following measures of central
tendency refers to the score that falls in the
middle of a set of scores?

• mode
• median
• mean
• standard deviation

20
Which of the following measures of central
tendency is the easiest to calculate?

• mean
• mode
• median
• The are all equally easy to calculate.

21
For which of the following measures of
central tendency must you arrange a set of scores
in numerical order from the lowest to the highest?

• mode
• mean
• median
• both b and c

22
What is the mode, the median, and the mean of
the following set of scores?24, 33, 17, 25, 40,
38, 27, 19, 38

• 29, 27, 23
• 27,23, 29
• 23, 29, 27
• none of the above

23
If you would like to determine how the scores
in a set of scores differ from one another, you
would be determining their _____.

• central tendency
• correlation coefficient
• variability
• statistical significance

24
The correlation coefficient allows a
researcher to determine the _____ of the
relationship between two variable?

• strength
• direction
• cause
• both a and b

25
If the results of an experiment are
significant at the .05 level, that means that
they _____.

• were due to chance
• are likely to occur again 95 out of 100 times
• they are highly relevant in the real world
• none of the above

26
The placebo effect occurs when a patients
health improves because of _____ rather than
_____.

• their expectations, the treatment they receive
• the treatment they receive, their expectation
• demand characteristics, statistical significance
• statistical significance, demand characteristics

27
Demand characteristics are cues to subjects
about the _____ of a study.

• purpose
• expected results
• both a and b
• neither a nor b