4th - generation Waste Incineration

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4th-generation Waste Incineration Dr. K. D. van
der Linde Amsterdam Waste Energy
Enterprise ECOTECH, Amsterdam May 14, 2003
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INTRODUCTION

• 1. Introduction
• 2. Europe
• 3. The Netherlands
• 4. Amsterdam
• 5. Concept of Installation
• 6. New generation of waste incineration
• 7. Conclusion

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Society
Exhaust
Air
Society
Waste Water
Water
Raw materials
Waste
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Closing the loop
Exhaust gas
Air
Society
Waste Water
Water
Energy
Raw materials
WTE
Waste
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Waste is a RENEWABLE !

• Richer than most RAW MATERIALS

Waste Fired Power Plant
Sustainable
Organic

ENERGY
Waste
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2. The Waste Market in Europe

• Total waste in EU 1300 million ton/year
• Municipal Solid Waste 182 million ton/year
  (14)
• MSW per capita 490 kg/year

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Classification of household-waste

• mixed in bag or container 242
• Green-rests, Garden 120
• big items, re-building materials 72
• Paper 68
• Glass 22
• Metals, electrical 6,3
• Small Chemical Waste 1,7
• Total collected 532 (in kg/j per person)

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Market forces

• Market liberalisation
• Under-capacity for incineration
• Changing regulation
• Classification of treatment
• Classification of waste
• Residues
• CO2-Reduction
• Europe
• Public awareness

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3. Dutch scenario's 2012
Combustible Waste
Total Waste Production
MTon/year
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Price differences
EURO Landfill 30,- to 50,- plus new
green-Tax Compost 50,- to 70,- Incineration
70,- to 120,- Recycling . . . . . . . . . . .
. . .
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Dutch landfill costs

• Operating costs 30 - 50 /ton
• Environmental tax 15 /ton
• Tax combustible waste 55 /ton
• Total 100 - 120 /ton

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Integral chain efficiency
Energy28
Energy 2
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Mission of the AEB
4. Amsterdam
Maximise use out of waste
Strategic aims

• Lowest tariff for the civilian
• Optimal environmental performance
• Technological innovations

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Waste Energy Enterprise Amsterdam

• Generations
• 1917 150.000 ton/year, no flue-gas cleaning
  1969
• 1969 500.000 ton/year, de-dusting
• 1993 800.000 ton/year, chemical cleaning
• 2006 500.000 ton/year, RECOVERY
• Local government owned, commercial operation
• Long term contracts
• Industrial scale
• 78,- Euro per ton

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1st Incineration 1919-1969
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AVI-Noord 1969-1993
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Aerial picture (overview)
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Investment per ton related to the
design-capacity of Dutch Waste Incineration
AVI-Amsterdam
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5. CONCEPT OF THE EXISTING
INSTALLATION

• Horizontal grate
• 4 draw boiler
• semi dry Spray Absorber
• Acid neutral washer
• Electro Dynamic Ventury
• No waste water

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Boiler
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Flue gas Cleaning
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Recycling of residues

• Input 1 ton
• Bottom ash 230 kg Road construction
• Iron 20 kg trade
• Metals Non-Ferrous 5 kg trade
• fly-ash 13 kg filler in tarmac
• Salts (gas cleaning) 12 kg landfill
• 1000 kg

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PROJECTS

• Increasing Energy-output
• District heating
• Second economiser
• Decreasing residues Reuse
• Salt recovery
• Bottom ash washing
• Reducing maintenance
• Increase throughput
• Sewage sludge incineration

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6. New generation in Waste incineration

• Historical waste incineration generations
• 0 Open air incineration
• 1st 1900 oven
• 2nd 1960 dust removal from flue gas
• 3rd 1985 chemical cleaning of flue gas
• In this presentation we outline a new step
• 4th 2006 recovery of energy and materials

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Why new generation ?

• Historical development of public awareness
• newly identified needs lead to
• a new technical concept.
• So now recovery is the next logical step.

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Energy-potential in Waste

• Waste in EU 182 MTon/year x 10
  MJ/kg x 30
• Electricity 550 PJ / year
• 150 TWh / year
• 17.300 MW-continuous
• 8 of total EU-production
• Avoided CO2 60 million Tons per year

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4th-generation Incineration HE-WTE

• Cost must go down
• Reliable, proven technology
• Energy Optimisation to the max !! Leap from
  22 to gt30
• Material reuse to the max !! Fe,
  Al, Cu, Gypsum, CaCl2, Washed bottom ash N1
  quality building material Washed
  fly ash inert

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HR-AVI project

• Systematic approach to optimise recovery
• Using proven technologies in new combination
• Energy efficiency from 22 to gt30
• Now in contracting phase

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Sketch steam reheatingSuperheated steam
440-480CSteam pressure 125-130 barSteam
reheating after HP-turbineExtra economiser
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Sketch Boiler design- Large 1st draw Height
gt20m, Flue-gas
velocity lt 3m/s- Large 2nd and 3rd-draw-
Super-heater Flue-gas velocity lt 2,5 m/s-
Second Economiser after fabric filter- Flue-gas
recirculation (primary and
secondary air)
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Investments AVI HR-AVI

• Year 1993 2003
• Capacity (Ton/Year) 800.000 500.000
• Investment (Million )
• Incineration 190 150
• Flue-gas Cleaning 170 100
• Energy production 60 70
• Total 420 320

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HR-AVI extension sketch Rudolf DAS
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7. CONCLUSION

• COST, can/must go DOWN
• SIMPLE process, do it
  OPTIMAL
• Environmental efficiency, use al
  SYNERGY
• Efficiency gt 30 instead of 22

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Recovery is the new Rule

• It was WI Waste incineration
• It is WTE Waste To Energy
• It will be WFPP Waste Fired Power Plant
• When efficiency
  greater than 30