Principles

1
Principles Parameters Approach in LinguisticsII

• Bibhuti Bhusan Mahapatra

2
X-Bar Theory

• Every Phrase has a head of which it is the
  projection.
• Every head can take a complement and a specifier
  in its maximal projection.
• XP
• Specifier X
• X Complement

3
Projection principle

• Representations at each syntactic level (i.e.,
  LF, and D- and S-structure) are projected from
  the lexicon, in that they observe the
  subcategorization properties of lexical item.

4
Theta criterion

• All complements of a head are theta positions
• Each Argument bears one and only one ?-role, and
  each theta role is assigned to one and only one
  argument.
• An argument is assigned theta role by virtue of
  the theta position that it or its trace occupies

5
The Empty element PRO

• 1) i. The students know that Bill visited
  Paris.
• ii. The students want that Bill visit Paris.
• iii. The students prefer for Bill to visit
  Paris.
• iv. The students want Ø Bill to visit Paris.
• v. The students want Ø PRO to visit Paris.
• 2) know COMP that NP Bill INFL VP visit
  Paris
• 3) want COMP Ø NP PRO INFL VP visit
  Paris
• When INFL -Tense and COMP ? for in syntactic
  representations, then the NP subject of the
  embedded clause may and normally must be PRO,
  otherwise it cannot be PRO.

6
The empty element trace

• 4) I. John knows Bill saw Mary
• ii. John knows who Bill saw.
• 5) knows COMP whoi NP Bill INFL VP saw
  ti
• 6) i. It is unclear who(m) Bill saw.
• ii. It is unclear who(m) PRO to see.
• iii. It is unclear what PRO to do.
• 7) unclear COMP whoi NP PRO INFL VP to see
  ti
• A trace is a result of move-?.

7
PRO is invisible to PF rules

• 8) i) The students want PRO to visit Paris.
• ii) The students wanna visit Paris.
• iii) The students want Bill to visit Paris.
• iv) The students wanna Bill visit Paris.
• wantto ? wanna
• The phonological rules of PF-component do not
  see the abstract features of PRO.

8
Thank You