Electricity Presentation Outline

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Electricity Presentation Outline

• Created for BW Physics
• By
• Dick Heckathorn
• 23 April 2K 8

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Table of Contents

• 3 3A1 p 45
• 7 3A2 p 49
• 16 3C1 p 53
• 24 3C2 p 55
• 27 Does size of battery make a difference?
• 32 Looking at Christmas Tree Bulb
• 42 3D1 p 57
• 54 3D2 p 59
• 70 3A3 p 75
• 89 3D3 p 63
• 94 3E1 p 65
• 102 3E2 p 67
• 112 5A2 p 93
• 122 How a Storage Battery is Made
• 124 How 100 Bulb Christmas Tree Cord is
  Connected
• 126 How Can You Make a Switch
• 134 5B2 p 95
• 136 Wiring a House

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A. How Many Ways Can You Make A Light Bulb
Light?3A1 p 45

• Dry cell
• In Box (Flashlight Bulb, Wire)

4

• 1. Using your materials, make your bulb light.
• (Be careful ... If you begin to feel heat in the
  wire remove the wire from the battery.)

5

• 2. How many different ways can you get your bulb
  to light?

6

• 3. Draw pictures below of the ways that you got
  the bulb to light and ways that you did not get
  it to light.
• Ways Bulb Lights
• Ways Bulb Did Not Light

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Making a Battery Holder
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Making a Battery Holder
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Making a Battery Holder
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Making a Battery Holder
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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B. How Many Ways Can You Make a Bulb Light When
it is Not Touching the Dry Cell3A2 p 49

• Dry cell
• Container with (bulb, 2 wires)

24

• 1. Using your materials, make the bulb light when
  it is not touching the battery.
• 2. Draw wires on the picture below to show how
  you got the bulb to light.

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• 3. Where must the wire(s) touch the battery to
  light the bulb?

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• 4. Where must the wire(s) touch the bulb for it
  to light?

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• 5. Make a rule about lighting the bulb using your
  observations.

31
Look at top and bottom of a battery to see where
good contact can be made.
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Items in Plastic Bag

• 1. bulb holder - 2
• 2. battery holder - 1
• 3. Christmas bulbs - 4
• 4. Green wire with bare ends - 4
• 5. brad fasteners - 4
• 6. small paper clips - 3
• 7. envelope with 5 or 6 clip leads
• 8. flashlight bulbs 2
• 9. 2 x 2 inch cardboard - 2 10. D-Cell battery
• 11. 20-cm copper conducting wires 2

33
C. How Can You Explain the Mystery Circuit?3C1 p
53

• Dry cell
• Container with bulb and wire

34

• 1. Test your bulb and battery to make sure that
  the bulb will light.

Page 4
35

• 2. Look at the circuit in the drawing below.

Page 4
36

• 3. The wire is touching the two special places
  on the bulb. Predict whether the bulb will light.
  Explain why.

Page 4
37

• 4. Use your materials to see if the bulb will
  light.

Page 4
38

• 5. What did you observe?
• 6. Explain what happened?

Page 4
39

• 7. Identify the path the electricity travels on
  the diagram above.

Page 4
40
Page 4
41
D. Where Does the Current Go?3C2 p 55

• Dry cell
• Bulb and wires
• Bulb holder
• Battery holder

42
4. Try it.
2. Make sure your bulb lights.
6. Explain what happened?
5. What happened?

• 3. What will happen when a wire is placed between
  wires 1 2?

Non-covered wire
Non-covered wire
Page 4
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6. What do you predict will happen if you touch
the end of wire 1 with the end of wire 2 outside
the bulb holder?
Page 4
44
E. DOES THE SIZE OF THE BATTERY CHANGE THE
BRIGHTNESS OF THE BULB?

• batteries - D, C, AA, AAA,
• Ni-Cd, NIMH,
• Polaroid Camera
• box of old batteries
• Christmas tree bulb

Page 2
45

• 1. Observe the brightness of the bulb when
  connected to the C-cell battery.

Page 2
46

• 2. How do you think the brightness of the bulb
  when connected to the C-cell will compare to
  connecting the bulb to the D-cell. Predict, try
  it, and then write what you found.

Page 2
47

• 3. What do you observe about the brightness of
  the bulb when connected to other batteries? Make
  comparisons to the brightness of the bulb when
  connected to a D-cell?
• AA
• AAA
• Ni-Cd
• NiMH

Page 2
48

• 4. Explain why the brightness of the bulb was the
  same for different batteries.

Page 2
49

• 5. Explain why the brightness of the bulb was
  different for different batteries.

Page 2
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F. HOW DOES A CHRISTMAS TREE BULB COMPARE TO THE
BULB YOU HAVE BEEN USING

• flashlight bulb Christmas tree bulb

Page 1
51

• 1. Examine and then draw what you see when you
  look at the inside the 13 bulb.
• 2. Show 7 ½ watt bulbs

Page 1
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Page 1
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• 2. What is the path that the electricity must
  follow in the 13 bulb? Identify the path on your
  diagram.

Page 1
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• 3. Next pull the Christmas tree bulb out of its
  holder. Draw what you see when you look at the
  inside of the bulb.

Page 1
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Page 1
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Page 1
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• 4. What is the path that the electricity must
  follow in the Christmas tree bulb? Identify the
  path on your diagram.

Page 1
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• 5. Present day Christmas tree lights (connected
  end to end) have the ability to remain lit even
  when one of the lights goes out. Can you locate
  anything inside the bulb that will allow this to
  happen? If so identify it in the diagram you drew
  in 3.

Page 1
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Filament Opens
Insulation on jumper melts
Current takes alternate path
Page 1
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G. How Can You Get More Than One Bulb to Light in
a Circuit?3D1 p 57

• Dry cell
• 2 bulbs and bulb holders
• 3 wires
• Battery holder

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• 1. Make sure both bulbs are the same brightness
  when connected alone with the battery. Then
  connect one bulb to the battery to make it light.

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• 2. Add one more bulb in a continuous circuit so
  that both bulbs light.

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• 3. What changes in the brightness did you observe
  when you added the second bulb? How do the
  brightness of the bulbs compare?

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• 4. Unscrew one of the bulbs. What do you observe
  about the other bulb?

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• 5. Again get both bulbs to light. What do you
  predict will happen when you remove the other
  bulb?

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• 6. Try it. What happens to the other bulb?

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• 7. Explain your observations?

69

• 8. The circuit you have constructed is called a
  series circuit. A series circuit is an electric
  circuit that has a single conducting path through
  which all charges (electrons) flow.

70

• 9. What happens to a string of Christmas tree
  lights connected in series if one bums out?

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How 100-Bulb Christmas Strand is Connected
50 bulbs
50 bulbs
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• 10. Describe what happens to the light bulbs in
  your home when one bulb burns out.

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• 11. Do you think the wires in your home are
  connected in series? Explain.

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H. What is Another Way to Get More Than One Bulb
to Light in a Circuit?3D2 p 59

• Materials battery and battery holder
• 2 bulbs and 2 bulb holders
• 4 20 cm lengths of green wire

75

• 1. Get one bulb to light using the dry cell, a
  bulb, a bulb holder and two pieces of wire.

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• 2. Add one more bulb in a continuous circuit so
  that both bulbs are lit.

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• 3. What change in the brightness of the first
  bulb did you observe when you added the second
  bulb? How do the brightness of the bulbs compare?

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• 4. Predict in writing what you think would happen
  when you unscrew one of the bulbs. Then do it.

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• 5. What happened to the other bulb?

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• 6. Again get both bulbs to light. Predict in
  writing what will happen when you remove the
  other bulb?

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• 7. Again get both bulbs to light.

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• 8 What explanation can you give for what happened?

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• 9. The circuit you have constructed is called a
  parallel circuit. A parallel circuit is an
  electric circuit that has separate conducting
  paths through each bulb.

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Compare
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I. Where Are the Wires in Your Mystery Box?3A3 p
75

• Materials two pieces of cardboard,
• masking tape, or boxChristmas tree
  bulbbatterybrass fasteners

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• 1. Look at the apparatus.
• (Do not open it.)

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• 2. You should see the heads of 6 brass fasteners
  on one side of the cardboard.

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• 3. Copper wires under the lid are attached to
  some of the brass fasteners.

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• 4. Using the Christmas tree bulb and battery, how
  can you find out where the wires are without
  opening the box?

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• 5. Is there a connection between fastener 1 and
  fastener 2?

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• 6. Test all the other possible pairs listed below.

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• 7. Record your observations in the following
  chart.
• Pairs Bulb Lights Pairs Bulb
  Lights (Yes/No)
  (Yes/No) 1-2 __________ 2-6
  __________ 1-3 __________ 3-4
  __________ 1-4 __________ 3-5
  __________ 1-5 __________ 3-6
  __________ 1-6 __________ 4-5
  __________ 2-3 __________ 4-6
  __________ 2-4 __________ 5-6
  __________ 2-5 __________

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• 8. Use your observations and draw lines on
  diagram A, where you think the wires are found
  in the lid of your box. (Use a pencil so you can
  erase if you change your mind.)

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• 9. Talk about your diagram with your instructor.
  He will show you the correct answer. _____

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• 10. On diagram B, draw the wires as they are
  actually connected.

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Box 1
2
1
4
3
6
5
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A
2
1
4
3
6
5
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B
2
1
4
3
6
5
99
C
2
1
4
3
6
5
100
D
2
1
4
3
6
5
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E
2
1
4
3
6
5
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F
2
1
4
3
6
5
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• 11. How do diagrams A and B compare?a. How are
  they alike?
• b. How are they different?

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J. How Many Bulbs Will One Dry Cell Light?3D3 p
63

• Materials battery5 to 10 Christmas tree
  bulbs2-20 cm lengths bare copper wire (18-20
  gauge)battery holder

105

• 1. See how many Christmas tree bulbs can you
  light when you connect one wire of the bulb to
  one of the copper wires and the other end to the
  other copy wire.

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• 2. What do you observe about the brightness of
  the bulbs already added to the circuit when
  additional bulbs are added?

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• 3. Explain why this is so.

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K. Using Two Cells in Series3E1 p 65

• Materials 2 batteries
• 2 battery holders
• 1 Christmas tree bulb 2 green connecting wire

109

• 1. Get one bulb to light.

Page 6
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• 2. What do you predict will happen to the
  brightness of the bulb when another battery is
  added to the circuit as shown?

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• 3. Add the other battery to the circuit. The
  second batter is in series with the first battery.

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• 4. What happens to the brightness of the bulb
  when the second battery is added?

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• 5. Explain why the bulb is brighter with two
  batteries?

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• 6. Draw the circuit arrangement of the 4
  batteries in your calculator.

TI-83 or TI 84.
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• 7. How are they connected, in series or in
  parallel?
• Why?

Series
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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Will it light?
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L. Using Two Cells in Parallel3E2 p 67

• Materials 2 batteries
• 2 battery holders
• 1 Christmas tree bulbs2 lengths green wire

131

• 1. Get one bulb to light using one battery, a
  bulb, and 2 wires. Do not touch the bulb to the
  cell in the circuit.

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• 2. What do you predict will happen when another
  battery is added to the circuit as in the
  illustration?

133

• 4. What happens to the brightness of the bulb
  when the second battery is added?

134

• 5. What explanation can you give for your
  observation?

135

• Demonstrate 2 large batteries

136

• 6. Can you name a device that uses two or more
  batteries connected in parallel?

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• 7. Given a device that uses two or more
  batteries, how can you determine if they are
  connected in series or parallel?

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-
Series
Series
Parallel
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M. Is It Wet or Dry?5A2 p 93

• Materials
• 1 battery to cut apart
• hacksaw
• vice
• box of old batteries

140

• 1. Have your instructor cut a D-cell battery
  apart.
• 2. What precautions must be taken before one
  begins cutting apart the battery.
• 3. Describe what you observe as the battery is
  cut apart.

141

• 4. Examine the sectional view of the battery. The
  plus terminal is the carbon rod and the negative
  terminal is the zinc case. (see box with old
  batteries in it)

142

• When the cell is operating, zinc atoms from the
  negative plate form zinc ions.
• At the positive carbon rod, ammonium ions gain
  electrons, forming ammonia and hydrogen gas.

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• The ammonia gas is taken up by the zinc chloride.
  The hydrogen reacts with the manganese dioxide.
  Since carbon and zinc are used as the electrodes,
  the dry cell has a voltage of approximately 1.5
  volts.

144

• If the battery is in constant use, a build-up of
  gas may occur and cause the case to burst at the
  weakest point.

145

• Leakage of the battery may then occur with
  corrosion of the parts near the battery.
  Therefore it is essential that one take the
  batteries out before this occurs.

146
Carbon - Zinc
147
Zinc-Alkaline
148
How Is A Storage Battery Made?

• Other types of storage batteries are the NiCd,
  NiMH and Rayovac rechargeables.
• The NiCd and NiMH produce 1.2 volts, the Rayovac
  1.5 volts.

149

• Ask your instructor to see both the Ni-Cd and
  lead-acid battery.

150
O. HOW CAN YOU MAKE A SWITCH?

• Materials 1 2-brad cardboard switch 2
  3-brad cardboard switch 3 green connecting
  wires Christmas tree bulb battery

151

• 1. Make and then draw the circuit by connecting
  the battery, Christmas tree bulb and the switch.

152

• 2. How do you get the bulb to turn on and off?

153

• 3. Remove the single switch and replace it with
  two 3-way cardboard switches. Draw the circuit.

154
Connect two green connecting wires between the
two paper brads of one cardboard switch to the
other.
Replace the single switch with a two 3-way
switches.
155
Investigate how the switches work.
156

• 4. Describe how the 3-way switch works.

Finish power point from OP
157

• 5. Get your instructor to inspect the switch?
  ____

158
Three Way Switches

• 6. Where around your house are 3-way switches?

159
Wiring a Housep 99
160
Thats all folks!
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Can Mechanical Energy Be Converted Into
Electrical Energy?5B2 p 95
162
Thats all Folks!
163
Focus Electric Circuits3F1 p 69
164
Conductor Analogy4A4 p 79
165
What Part of the Pencils Are Conductors?4A2 p 83
166
Which Liquids are Good Conductors?4A3 p 85
167
A Juicy Idea5A1 p 89
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Output Force 1050 grams Input Force 93
grams AMA
Fin
Input distance 63 cm Output distance 3.75
cm IMA
Fout