Mental/Emotional Health Stress and Anxiety Disorders

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Mental/Emotional Health Stress and Anxiety
Disorders

• Chapter 7, 8, 9

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Myth or Fact

• People who have mental and emotional disorders
  are typically violent.
• Mental and emotional disorders are true medical
  illnesses like heart disease
• Most people can snap out of their depression
  if they try hard enough
• Depression and other mental or emotional
  disorders do not affect children or adolescents

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Myth or Fact

• People are less likely to seek treatment for
  mental disorders than for physical disorders
• People who talk about suicide should always be
  taken seriously.
• Being treated for a mental or an emotional
  disorder means that an individual has failed in
  someway or is responsible for the problem
• Getting help for a mental problem is difficult
  and expensive

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Mental/Emotional Health

• Mental/Emotional is the ability to accept
  yourself and others, adapt to and manage
  emotions, and deal with the demands and
  challenges you meet in life.
• People with good Mental/emotional Health
  demonstrate the following characteristics.
• Getting help for a mental problem is difficult
  and expensive.
• Positive self-esteem- Your feelings of confidence
  and self esteem are directly related to your
  general level of wellness
• Sense of Belonging- emotional attachment to
  family, friends, teachers, provides comfort and
  assurance.
• Sense of Purpose- Recognizing your own value.
• Positive Outlooks- Having hope about life, it
  reduces stress and increases your energy level.
• Autonomy- Having the confidence to make
  responsible and safe decisions. Sense of
  independence

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Maslows Hierarch of Needs

• Abraham Maslow was a pioneer in psychology.
• Maslow organized human needs in the form of a
  pyramid call the hierarchy of needs.
• Hierarchy of needs- is a ranked list of those
  needs essential to human growth and development.

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Level 5 Reaching Potential
Level 4 Feeling Recognized
Level 3 Belonging
Level 2 Safety
Level 1 Physical
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Hierarch of Needs

• Physical Needs- Survival needs such as food,
  water, sleep, and Shelter from the elements are
  among the need at the bottom of the pyramid.
• Need for Safety- includes more than just
  safeguarding yourself against physical harm.
• Need to be loved and to belong- Everyone needs
  to give love and to know that he or she is loved
  in return. Babies who are denied emotional
  attention may be stunted mentally.
• Feeling Recognized- Most of us feel a need to be
  appreciated, to be personally valued by family,
  friends, and peers.
• Reaching your Potential- Self-actualization is
  the striving to become the best you can
  be-includes having goals that motivates and
  inspire you. It means having the courage to make
  changes in your life in order to reach your goals
  and grow as a person.

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Personality

• Personality- is a complex set of characteristics
  that makes you unique.
• Its what makes you different from everyone else
  and determines how you will react in certain
  situations.
• Personality includes an individual's emotional
  makeup, attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors.

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Personality

• Personality and Heredity
• Just like you inherit physical traits such as
  hair and eye color, you inherit some personality
  traits from your parents.
• You still have control over your own
  personality.
• Personality and Environment
• Environment includes everything that surrounds
  you in your day-to-day life. Meaning your
  family, friends, peers, home, neighborhood, and
  school.
• Modeling- observing and learning from the
  behaviors of those around you.
• Personality and Behavior
• The one aspect of your personality over which
  you have the most control is your behavior.
• How you make decision, what decision you make,
  whether you recognize the consequences of those
  decisions,

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Personal Identity

• Personal Identity-is your sense of yourself as a
  unique individual.
• To develop your personal identity includes
• your interest
• your likes and dislikes
• your talents and abilities
• your values and beliefs
• your goals

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Developmental assets

• Developmental assets are the building blocks of
  development that help young people grow up as
  healthy, caring, and responsible individuals.
• Support
• Empowerment
• Expectations
• Constructive use of time
• Commitment to learning
• Positive Values
• Social skills
• Positive Identity

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Healthy Identity

• Recognize your strengths and weaknesses
• Accept and take pride in your strengths and
  accomplishments.
• Demonstrate Positive Values
• Your values, beliefs and ideas about what is
  important in your life, guide your actions and
  influence the decisions you make.
• Develop a purpose in your life
• Having a sense of purpose means establishing
  goals and working to achieve them.
• From MEANINGFUL relationships
• Positive relationships provide one way to have a
  purpose in your life.
• Relationships give you a support system as well
  as building confidence and develop a sense of
  security and belonging.
• Contribute to the Community
• Your community is an extended support system for
  you and your family, it provides services and
  resources to meet many of your needs. Giving
  back to the community is part of being a good
  citizen and it helps you feel a sense of
  accomplishment.
• Avoid unhealthy risk behaviors
• Risk taking is a normal part of growing up, such
  as engaging in sports, public speaking, making
  new friends, HOWEVER ATODs, or reckless driving
  can be dangerous and not necessary. Keep in mind
  the aspects of your identity, such as your
  values, that you are trying to uphold.

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Self-Esteem

• When you have a healthy identity, you will
  experience increase self-esteem and a higher
  level of mental/emotional health.
• Self-esteem comes from understanding that you
  are unique and valuable human being.
• To increase self-esteem and develop a positive
  outlook on life, it is essential to see events
  realistically.
• For example, a students who has just failed an
  exam may think that she is stupid and will always
  fail.
• Constructive Criticism- non-hostile comments
  that point our problems and encourage
  improvement.

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Emotions

• Emotions are signals that tell your mind and
  body how to react.
• Emotions are sometimes referred to as feelings,
  emotions are your responses to certain thought
  and events.
• Emotions affect all sides of your health
  triangle.
• Joy can prompt the release of brain chemicals
  that cause you to experience warmth and a sense
  of well being
• Fear can trigger physical changes, including
  increase perspiration, a rise in heart rate, and
  tightening of muscles.
• Fight or Flight response
• Strong emotions like anger can cause both
  physical and mental responses.

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Identifying Your Emotions

• Sometimes you know exactly what you are feelings
  and why.
• Sometimes you may experience emotions that seem
  to have no apparent cause.
• Hormones- is a chemical secreted by your glands
  that regulates the activities of different body
  cells.
• May cause you to swing quickly between extreme
  emotions such as depression.
• Mixed emotions, such as when you feel both
  jealous of and happy for a friends, also can be
  challenging.

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Identifying Your Emotions

• Happiness
• pleased or that you feel good or carefree
• Sadness
• healthy reaction to difficult events. Caused from
  disappointment, a loss or rejected.
• Love
• Strong affection, deep concern and respect
• Empathy
• Is the ability to imagine and understand how
  someone else feels.
• Fear
• Fear is an emotional response to tangible and
  realistic dangers.
• Guilt
• Guilt is an emotional experience that occurs
  when a person realizes that he or she has
  violated a moral standards or values.
• Anger
• Common reaction to being emotionally hurt or
  physically harmed.
• hostility is the intentional use of unfriendly
  or offensive behavior, can be particularly
  damaging, not only to others but also to the
  hostile person.

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Dealing with Emotions in Positive Ways

• Important to evaluate methods of communicating
  feelings and practice healthful ways of
  expression
• Negative ways of dealing with feelings do
  nothing to solve problems.
• Exaggerating emotions for effect pretending that
  feeling are not there at all or intentionally
  hurting another person which expression feeling
  can worsen the situation and create new problems

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Responding to Your Emotions

• Look below the surface of the problem.
• consider whether or not the situation to which
  you are reacting will matter tomorrow, next week,
  or next year.
• Dont take action on a strong feeling until you
  have considered all the possible consequences of
  your actions.
• Use positive feelings to inspire yourself.
• If a negative feeling doesnt go away, seek help
  from a parent, another trusted adult, or a health
  care professional.

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Managing Difficult Emotions

• Use Defense Mechanisms
• Are the mental processes that protect individuals
  from strong or stressful emotions and situations
• suppression- is holding back or retraining, can
  provide a temporary escape from an unpleasant
  situation.
• Handling Fear
• Identify the fear. Analyzing the situation that
  causes the fear often helps. Some fear is
  healthy and natural only when fear is irrational
  or incontrollable should you consider it a
  problem.
• Dealing with Guilty
• Can be a very destructive emotion.
• You need to find the underlying source and
  address it.
• Discuss the situation with friends or family can
  help.
• Managing Anger
• Most difficult emotions to handle.
• Constructively dealing with anger is similar to
  dealing with guilt.
• You need to find the underlying source and
  address it.

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Stress

• Stress is the reaction of the body and mind to
  everyday challenges and demands.
• Perception is the act of becoming of events that
  cause stress.
• One way to manage stress is to change how you
  perceive and react to events that cause it
• Stress is not necessarily good or bad, it can
  have positive or negative effects.
• Good/Positive- Performing better under the
  stress of competition.
• Bad/Negative- Losing sleep because of a flight
  with a loved one

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What Causes Stress?

• Stressor- is anything that causes stress.
• Biological Stressors
• Such as illness, disabilities, or injuries
• Environmental Stressors
• Such as poverty, pollution, crowding, noise, or
  natural disasters
• Cognitive (Thinking) Stressors
• Such as the way you perceive a situation or how
  it affects you and the world around you.
• Personal Behavior Stressors
• Such as negative reactions in the body and mind
  caused by using ATODs or lack of physical
  activity
• Life Situation Stressors
• Such as death, separation or divorce of parents
  or having trouble in relationships with peers.

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The Bodys Stress Response

• The two major body systems, the Nervous system
  and the Endocrine system, are active during the
  bodys response to stressors.
• Alarm
• First stage in the stress response. Body and
  mind go on high alert.
• Resistance
• Second stage in the stress response. Your body
  adapts to the rush created by alarm and reacts to
  the stressors. This is the stage in which you
  fight or take flight
• Fatigue
• Physical fatigue-results when the muscles work
  vigorously for long periods, often leading to
  soreness and pain.
• Psychological fatigue- can result from constant
  worry, overwork, depression, boredom, isolation,
  or feeling overwhelmed by too many
  responsibilities.
• Pathological fatigue-is the tiredness brought
  on by overworking the bodys defenses in fighting
  disease.
• Prolonged or repeated stress can lead to stress
  related illnesses causes by the changes that take
  place in your body during these three stages

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Stress and your Health

• Physical Effects
• Headache
• Asthma
• High Blood Pressure
• Weakened immune system
• Mental/Emotional and Social Effects
• Difficulty concentrating
• Mood Swings
• Risk of substance abuse

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Chronic Stress

• Chronic Stress- stress associated with long-term
  problems that are beyond a persons control.
• Could last for months
• Symptoms include upset stomach, headache,
  insomnia, changes in appetite, and feeling
  anxious.
• Strategies for controlling Chronic Stress
• Engage in physical activity
• Look for support from friends and family
• Find a hobby or activity that relaxes you
• Avoid ATODs

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Ways to Manage Stress

• Plan Ahead
• Get Adequate Sleep
• Get Regular Physical Activity
• Eat Nutritious Food
• Avoid ATODs
• Stress management skill- are skills that help an
  individual handle stress in a healthful,
  effective way. Techniques include
• Redirect your energy
• Relax and laugh-relaxation response is a state
  of calm that can be reach if one or more
  relaxation techniques are practiced regularly.
• Keep a positive outlook.
• Seek out support

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Anxiety

• Anxiety is the condition of feeling uneasy or
  worried about what may happen.
• Symptoms include
• feelings of fear
• perspiration, trembling, restlessness, or muscle
  tension
• rapid heat rate, lightheadedness, or shortness
  of breath
• Managing Anxiety
• Stress management techniques, such as
  redirecting your energy or doing relaxation
  exercises, can be used to reduce the day to day
  anxieties of life.

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Depression

• Depression is a prolonged feeling of
  helplessness, hopelessness, and sadness, is much
  stronger than the occasional sad mood and is not
  as easy to manage.
• Reactive Depression
• is a response to a stressful event, such as
  death.
• Major Depression
• is a medical condition requiring treatment.
• More severe and last much longer than reactive
  depression.
• Could develop from reactive depression
• Symptoms of Teen Depression irritable or
  restless mood
• withdrawal from friends
• A change in appetite or weight
• feelings of guilt or worthlessness
• a sense of hopelessness
• Many people experience a few of these symptoms
  once in a while its normal, Its not normal to
  experience several of them at the same time for
  two weeks or more

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Resiliency

• Resiliency
• is the ability to adapt effectively and recover
  from disappointment, difficulty, or crisis.
• Resilient people are able to handle adversity in
  healthful ways and achieve long term success.
• Having some of the development assets will
  likely strengthen a persons resiliency.
• Factors that Affects Resiliency
• External Factors- Include your family, your
  school, and your family.
• Internal Factors-
• Commitment to learning
• Positive values
• Social awareness
• Positive identity
• Protective Factors

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Mental Disorders

• Mental disorders are illnesses of the mind that
  can affect the thoughts, feelings, and behaviors
  of a person, preventing him or her from leading a
  happy, healthful, and productive life.
• Mental disorders are classified as either
  organic or functional.
• Organic disorder is caused by a physical illness
  or an injury that affects the brain.
• Functional disorder has a psychological cause
  and does not involve brain damage. These
  disorders may result from heredity, stress,
  emotional, conflict, fear, ineffective coping
  skills, or other conditions.
• Four Type of disorders
• Anxiety Disorders
• Mood Disorders
• Conduct Disorders
• Personality Disorders

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Types of Mental Disorders Anxiety Disorders

• Anxiety Disorders- a condition in which real or
  imagined fears are difficult to control.
• Phobia- Strong and irrational fear of something
  specific, such as high places or dogs. People
  with phobias do everything they can to avoid the
  object of their fear.
• Obsessed Compulsive Disorder- is trapped in a
  pattern of repeated thoughts or behaviors.
• Panic Disorder- Sudden, unexplained feelings of
  terror. Panic attacks are accompanied by
  symptoms such as trembling, a pounding heart,
  shortness of breaths.
• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder-is an illness,
  often with an organic cause, that involves mood
  extremes that interfere with everyday living

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Types of Mental DisordersMood Disorders

• Mood Disorders- Is an illness, often with an
  organic cause, that involves mood extremes that
  interfere with everything living
• Clinical Depression- Chemical imbalance that a
  person cannot overcome without professional help.
  
• Bipolar Disorder-(manic-depressive disordered)
  is marked by extreme mood changes, energy levels,
  and behavior.
• Eating Disorders

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Types of Mental DisordersConduct Disorders

• Conduct Disorders- a pattern of behavior in
  which the rights of others or basic social rules
  are violated.
• Schizophrenia
• is a severe mental disorder in which a person
  loses contact with reality.
• Symptoms include delusions, hallucinations, and
  thought disorders.
• Causes are a combination of genetic factors and
  chemical and structural changes in the brain.
• This disease affects both men and woman and
  usually first appears between ages of 18-35.

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Types of Mental DisordersPersonality Disorders

• Personality refers to an individuals unique
  traits and behavior patterns.
• People with this disease think and behave in
  ways that make it difficult for them to get along
  with others.
• Antisocial Disorder- People with this disorder
  tend to be irritable, aggressive, impulsive, and
  violent.
• Borderline Personality Disorder- People with
  this disorder frequently experience a series of
  trouble relationships.
• Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder- People
  with this disorder are often uncooperative. They
  resent being told what to do. Yet they relay on
  others directions.

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Suicide

• Suicide- the most drastic of all measures, is
  the act of intentionally taking ones own life.
  
• Most suicide thoughts, behaviors, and actions
  are expressions of extreme distress, not bids for
  attention.
• More than 90 of the people who kill themselves
  are suffering from depression or another mental
  disorder or are abusing alcohol or drugs.
• Multiple Suicides are a series of suicides
  occurring within a short period of time and
  involving several people in the same school or
  community.

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Preventing Suicide

• Although most thought about committing suicide
  are impulsive and temporary the unfortunate
  consequence death or debilitating injury is
  permanent. More than 90 of the people who kill
  themselves are suffering from depression or
  another mental disorder or are abusing alcohol or
  drugs.
• Warning Signs
• Figure 9.2

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Helping Others

• Suicidal people often believe that their death
  will not matter.
• It is critical to show concern and empathy for
  someone who is talking about suicide.
• Initiate a meaningful conversation- showing
  interest and compassion for a person is key.
  Listen, be patient and understanding.
• Show support and ask questions- Remind the
  person that most problem have solutions.
• Try to persuade the person to seek help-
  Encourage the person to talk with a parent,
  counselor, therapist, or trusted adult.

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Therapy Methods

• Psychotherapy- is an ongoing treatment between a
  patient and a mental health professional.
• Behavior therapy- is a treatment process that
  focuses.
• Cognitive therapy- is a treatment method
  designed to identify and correct distorted
  thinking patterns that can leas to feelings and
  behaviors that may be troublesome,
  self-defeating, or self destructive.
• Group therapy- involves treating a group of
  people who have similar problems and who meet
  regularly with a trained counselor.

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Death and Grief

• Coping is dealing successfully with difficult
  changes in your life.
• Grief response an individuals total response to
  a major loss.
• Mourning is the act of showing sorrow or grief.
  

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The Grieving Process

• Denial -A person does not believe the loss has
  occurred
• Emotional Release- These reactions come with
  recognition of the loss and often involve periods
  of crying, which is important to the healing
  process
• Anger- Feeling powerless and unfairly deprived,
  the person may lash out.
• Bargaining- As the reality of the loss becomes
  clear, the person may promise to change if only
  what was lost can be returned.
• Depression- Beyond the natural feelings of
  sadness, feeling of isolation, and hopelessness
  occur as the person.
• Remorse- The person may become preoccupied with
  thoughts about what he or she could have done to
  prevent the loss or make things better.
• Acceptance- The stage can involve a sense of
  power, allowing the person to face reality.
• Hope- Eventually the person reaches a point when
  remembering becomes less painful and he or she
  begins to look ahead to the future