Title: Micro Review FA p'178181
1Micro Review (FA p.178-181)
- Bugs to cover
- Anthrax
- Actinomyces vs. Nocardia
- Bugs that cause Food Poisoning
- Bugs that cause Diarrhea
- Watery vs. Bloody
- Enterobacteriacea
- Haemophilus influenza
- Legionella pneumophila
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa
2Micro Review contd
- Helicobacter pylori
- Lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria
- Cholera and Pertussis toxins
- Zoonotic bacteria
- (B. burgdoferi, Brucella spp., Francisella
tularensis, Yersinia pestis, Pasteurella
multicoda) - Garderella vaginalis
- Neisseria
- Mycobacteria
- Primary vs. Secondary TB
- Mycobacteria spp.
- Leprosy
3Anthrax
- Description
- Black skin lesions vesicular papules covered by
BLACK ESCHAR (my AUNT with the nice Rack drives
a BLACK CAR) - Two Forms Contact vs. Inhalation
- Contact Painless Ulcers- bacteremia and death
- Inhalation Woolsorters Disease
life-threatening pneumonia
4Actinomyces vs. Nocardia
- Histology Gram Positive Rods- Long Branching
filaments - Actinomyces israeli (normal oral flora)
- Yellow sulfur granules-(sulfur boogers) in
sinus tracts - Oral/facial abscesses with Sulfur Granules that
may drain through sinus tracts to skin - Nocardia asteroides (causes nasty inf.)
- Pulmonary infection in immunocompromised
- Weakly acid-fast
5Actinomyces vs Norcardia
- Long Branches tend to SNAP
- Sulfa for Norcadia
- Actinomyces use Penicillin
6Bugs in my Food- SECCondS can Be Very dangerous
- Staph aureus Meats, mayo, custards starts and
ends quickly - E. coli 0157 H7 undercooked meat
- Clostridium perfringins- reheated meat dishes
Id Prefer not eat that reheated leftover meat
for dinner. - C. botulinum improperly canned food (Cans that
Bulge, recall Honey/Corn Syrup infect infants) - Salmonella poultry, meat, and eggs
7Bugs in my Food SECCondS can Be Very dangerous
- Bacillus cereus Be Serious! Food poisoning
from Reheated Fried Rice! - Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnifus
transmitted in contaminated seafood (think a
PAIR of - crab claws ?)
8Diarrhea and Typical Findings
- Campylobacter and Cholera Comma shaped (with
Camp growth at 42 Celsius) - E. coli (Cole likes alcohol) -- ferments lactose
- Yersinia enterocolitica Transmitted from pet
feces ie. Puppies Your (yer) darn colis
(enterocolitica) diarrhea gave me diarrhea!!!!)
9Diarrhea and Typical Findings
- Salmonella and Shigella dont ferment lactose
(both salmon and sugar ray do not like alcohol),
but both invade intestinal mucosa - Salmonella are motile (salmon swim and can
disseminate ? symptoms may be prolonged with
antibiotic treatment) Salmonella has Animal
Reservoir - Shigella (think sugar ray is retired, so hes
nonmotile now) transmission Food, Fingers,
Feces, Flies - Infectious Dose Virulence
- Shigella (10 1 org.) gt Salmonella (10 5 org.)
10Watery Diarrhea
- The VET PROfessor lectured on Watery Diarrhea
- Vibrio cholera and Viruses (Rota-kids,
Calici/Norwalk/Astro-adults) - Enterotoxigenic E. coli (travelers diarrhea)
- Protozoa (Cryptosporidium HIV/AIDS and Giardia)
11CASSEY has Bloody Diarrhea
- Campylobacter jejuni
- Amoebas (Entamoeba histolytica)
- Salmonella
- Shigella
- Enterohemorrhagic/Enterinvasive (0157H7) E. coli
- Yersinia enterocolitica
12Enterobacteriaceae
- Which bacteria are included in this group?
- Think...a PROfessional SEEKS KOFFEe
- PRO Proteus
- S Salmonella
- E E.coli
- E Enterobacter
- K Klebsiella
- S Serratia
13Enterobacteriaceae
- KOFFEe
- K capsular K antigen -- virulence of the bug
- O O Antigen polysaccharide of the endotoxin
- F Flageller (H) antigen found in motile
species - F Ferment Glucose all ferment glucose and are
oxidase negative - E -- Enterobacteriaceae
14HAEMOPhilus Influenza
- HAEMOPhilus causes
- A IgA protease Aerosal transmission
- E epiglottitis
- M meningitis (the One you Tri first with
meningitis is Ceftriaxone) - O otitis media
- P pneumonia
15HAEMOPhilus Influenza
- Invasive disease is caused by capsular type B (B
is Bad, so we have a vaccine that contains Type B
polysaccharides conjugated to Dip toxoidgiven
between 2-18 months of age) - Culture on Chocolate agar requires factors V
(NAD) and X (hematin) for growthso - When a child has the flu mom goes to FIVE (V)
and Dime (X) store to buy some chocolate. - Rifampin for prophylaxis in close contacts
16Legionella pneumophila
- Legionaires Disease
- Gram neg rod that stains poorly, so use SILVER
stain - Grow on charcoal yeast extract culture with iron
and cysteine - Aerosol transmission from environmental water
habitat (air conditioning, water tower, produce
mister at the grocery store) - NO person-to-person transmission
- TX Erythromycin
17Legionella pneumophila
- French Legionnaire (soldier) with his Silver
(silver stain) helmet, sitting around a campfire
(charcoal) with his Iron (with culture) dagger
with his friends (no person-to-person
transmission) he is no Sissy (cysteine-with
culture)
18Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- Pseudomonas causes wound and burn infections
- P Pneumonia (especially with CF)
- S Sepsis (black lesions on skin)
- E External Otitis (Swimmers ear)
- U UTI and hot tub folliculitis
- Non-lactose fermenting
- Endotoxin - fever and shock Exotoxin A
inactivates EF-2 - TX Aminoglycoside and extended spectrum
antibiotics (piperacillin, ticarcillin)
19Pseudomonas aeruginosa
- AERuginosa AERobic (think water connections and
blue-green pigment) - Think PseudoMOANas with burn victims
pseudomonas cause burn victims to MOAN
20H. pylori
- Causes gastritis and up to 90 of duodenal ulcers
- Increased risk with PUD and Gastric Carcinoma
- Gram Neg Rod, Urease Positive (Breath test both
H. pylori and Proteus are urease postive) - Creates Alkaline environment
- TX Triple Therapy
21Lactose-fermenting enteric bacteria
- Lactose is KEE
- Bacteria grow Pink colonies on MacConkeys agar
- Examples of Lactose-Fermenting enteric bacteria
include - K Klebsiella
- E Enterobacter
- E E. coli and Citrobactor
22Cholera and Pertussis toxins
- Both toxins act via ADP ribosylation that
activates adenyl cyclase resulting in increased
cAMP (activating CFTR). - Cholera turns the on on ? activates Gs, causing
RICE-WATER diarrhea - Pertussis turns the off off ? disables Gi,
causing WHOOPING COUGH - Pertussis also promotes lymphocytosis by
inhibiting chemokine receptors
23Zoonotic bacteria --Species/Dz/Transmission and
Source
- Big Bugs From Your Pet
- B Borrelia burgdorferi Lyme Disease ? Tick
bite, Ixodes Tick that live on deer and mice - BU Brucella spp. Undulant Fever ? Undulants,
Unpasteurized dairy products - F Francisella tularensis Tularemia ? Tick
bites, rabbits, deer - Y Yersinia pestis Flea bites, rodents,
prairie dogs ? Plague - P Pasteurella multocida Cellulitis ? Animal
bites, cats, dogs
24Gardnerella vaginalis
- Cinderallas not so cute cousin
- Gram Variable rod that causes Vaginosis
- Greenish (gardner) vaginal discharge with FISHY
SMELLnon painful - Associated with Mobiluncus, an anaerobe
- TX Metronidazole (get her on the Metro bus as
fast as possible) - Diagnostic clue Clue Cells ? vaginal epithelial
cell covered with bacteria
25Gardnerella vaginalis
- GET a
CLUE, -
Gardnerella!! You Smell -
Like FISH!
- Hurry up and get on the Metro Bus and get out of
here!
26Neisseria Gonococci vs. Meningococci
- Gram Neg Cocci
- GoNO-COC-ci
- NO polysaccharide capsule
- NO maltose fermentation
- NO vaccine
- Causes (NO-COC Mainly female associated
diseases) Gonorrhea, septic arthritis, neonatal
conjunctivitis, pelvic inflammatory disease
27Neisseria Gonococci vs. Meningococci
- Meningococci
- Polysaccharide capsule
- Maltose fermentation
- Vaccine
- Causes meningococcemia and meningitis,
Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome
28Primary and Secondary TB
29Mycobacterium
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB-often resistant to
multiple drugs - M. kanasii (pulmonary like TB symptoms
- M. scrofulaceum (cervical lymphadenitis in kids)
- M. avum intracellulare (resistant to multiple
drugs, Disseminated disease in AIDS - ALL MYCOBACTERIUM ACID FAST ORGANISMS
- SX Fever, Night Sweats, weight loss, Hemoptysis
30? Horseshoe Nuclei Langhans Giant Cell
- M. Tuberculosis red color on ACID FAST stain
Large Caseous Lesions and Miliary lesions in the
surrounding hilar node
31Mycobacterium leprae
- Hansons Disease (Two Forms)
- Lepromatous
- Tuberculoid (failed cell-mediated immunity and
self-limited) - LEpromatous is LEthal
- Likes Cool Temps
- Infects Skin and superficial Nerves
- Reservoir in US Armadillos
32 Leonine Facies -Loss of Eyebrows -Lumpy
Earlobe -Nasal Collapse
Treatment -Long-term oral Dapsone (Toxicity
hemolysis and methemoglobinemia) Alt. Treament -
Rifampin and combination of clofazimine and
daposone