Principles of

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• Chapter 1
• Principles of
• Pharmacology
• Pharmacokinetics

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Routes of drug administration Getting the drugs
in
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The time course of drug blood level depends on
route of administration
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Method of Administration Affects Blood
Concentration
Administration of nicotine by smoking or chewing
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Absorption and Distribution
Characteristics that will affect
absorption Lipid/water-solubility
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Absorption and Distribution
Characteristics that will affect
absorption Lipid/water-solubility
Heroin
Morphine
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Absorption and Distribution

• Characteristics that will affect absorption

Ionization
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Absorption and Distribution
Characteristics that will affect
absorption Blood-brain barrier
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Binding

• Drug depots

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Binding
Receptors
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Metabolism

• Metabolism
• enzyme induction
• enzyme inhibition
• drug competition
• individual differences

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Two genetic populations for isoniazid metabolism
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Metabolism
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• The Life of a Drug in the Body
• Route of administration (getting it in)
• Absorption/ Distribution (getting to the brain)
• Binding
• Metabolism/Deactivation
• Excretion (getting rid of it)

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Doseresponse curve
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Doseresponse curves for four analgesic agents
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Comparison effects of a drug
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• Effects of Repeated Drug Use
• Tolerance
• Is reversible
• Not all drug effects show equal tolerance
• Types of tolerance
• Disposition
• Pharmocodynamic
• Behavioral

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• Effects of Repeated Drug Use
• Sensitization

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• Therapeutic effects
• Side effects
• Specific drug effects
• Nonspecific drug effects

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Box 4.2 Drug Development and Testing
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Box 1.3 Drug Categories