Microscopes Microscopes Microscopes Microscopes Microscopes Microscopes Microscopes Microscopes Micr

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Microscopes Microscopes Microscopes
Microscopes Microscopes Microscopes
Microscopes Microscopes Microscopes
Microscopes Microscopes
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Question 1
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Question 1

• alga that causes red tides

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Question 2
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Question 2
DNA
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Question 3
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Question 3

• breast cancer cell

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Question 4
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Question 4
E. coli bacteria
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Question 5
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Question 5
bedbug
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Targets

• What is the function of microscopes?
• Know all the microscopes parts their functions.
• Be able to explain magnification, resolution
  (resolving power)
• Know how to calculate total magnification of the
  microscope
• Know maximum power of various types of
  microscopes and what they are used for
• Know how the F.O.V. changes with various
  objectives.
• Demonstrate proficiency with making wet mounts
  and using the microscope.

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Microscopes

• An instrument that produces an enlarged image of
  an object

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Microscopes

• Magnification increase of objects apparent
  size
• Calculation of Total Magnification
• (power of eyepiece)(power of objective)Total
  Magnification
• As magnification increases
• Field of View (FOV) Decreases
• Resolution Increases
• Brightness Decreases

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Microscopes

• Resolution capacity to show 2 points that are
  close together as separate

.
. .
10x
1000x
Poor Resolution Blurry Image Good Resolution
Clear Image
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Microscopes

• Parfocal both low high objectives are
  adjusted to the same focus
• ability to switch between the two objectives
  without having to refocus

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Microscopes

• Types
• Optical
• Compound Light Microscope
• Stereo Dissecting Microscope
• Electron Microscope
• Transmission Electron Microscope
• Scanning Electron Microscope
• Ion Microscope

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Compound Light Microscope
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Compound Light Microscope

• Structures Functions

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Compound Light Microscope

• Eyepiece/Ocular The lens through which the
  scientist looks
• Body Tube Connects eyepiece to microscope
• Revolving Nosepiece Holds 3-4 objectives
  (magnifying lens), turns for objective selection.

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Compound Light Microscope

• Scanning Objective - Used for locating objects
  scanning the slide quickly (Red Line- 4X)
• Lowest power objective
• Low Power Objective Lens that allows you to
  find center the object on a slide. Yellow line
  around the objective
• High Power Objective - Lens that zooms in for
  closer viewing (40X)
• Blue line around high power

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Compound Light Microscope

• Stage platform upon which the slide rests
• Mechanical Stage movable clips that hold move
  the slide
• Iris Diaphragm transparent lens through which
  light travels. Size and brightness can be
  adjusted.
• Lamp light source needed for viewing the
  specimen

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Compound Light Microscope

• Arm Connects the eyepiece with the rest of
  scope, used for carrying scope
• Stage Opening hole in the stage through which
  light travels for specimen viewing
• Base bottom, placed on hand for carrying

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Compound Light Microscope

• Course Adjustment Knob moves stage up down in
  large increments, used to bring specimen into
  view
• Fine Adjustment Knob moves stage up down in
  very small increments, used for focusing specimen

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Compound Microscope Images

• Human Hair (x 400)
• Mite
• Paramecium

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Stereo Dissecting Microscope

• 2 eyepieces to produce 3-D image
• Uses reflected light to illuminate surface of
  specimen
• Used on large objects which light cannot pass
  through
• Magnifies object 5x 60x

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Images from a Stereoscope

• Penny Abes face
• Penny back
• Beetle

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Electron Microscope

• High powered (500,000x)
• Uses beam of electrons to see image NOT light
• Image is produced on a T.V. monitor in black
  white (no light)
• Much higher resolution
• Limitations
• Cant view living things due to vacuum in
  interior
• Very expensive
• Very big, must have own foundation

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Electron Microscope

• 2 Types
• Scanning electron microscope (SEM)
• Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

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Scanning electron microscope (SEM)

• Beam of electrons across a whole specimen
  (sprayed with fine metal coating)
• 3 dimensional view of surface features on T.V.
  screen
• 100,000x

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Images from a SEM

• Dentist Drill (x 50)
• Hypodermic
• Needle (x 100)
• Mosquito (x 100)
• Toilet Paper
• (x 500)

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Transmission electron microscope (TEM)

• Electrons go through very thin slice of specimen
  detailed image on T.V. screen
• 200,000x (can be increased to 1,000,000x)

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Images from a TEM

• Bacteria
• E.coli bacteria dividing
• Leaf

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Ion Microscope

• Able to see atoms
• 2,000,000x
• Image produced on phosphor screen
• Specimen must be cooled to -213?C (60 k) in a
  vacuum chamber with neon gas a slight charge
  applied to specimen

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Credits

• Mrs. Palese for inspiration with the parts of the
  microscope section.
• Ms. Czubik for opening quiz pictures