Climate%20Change%20

1
Climate Change 

•  
• An Inconvenient Gov Docs Challenge
• (November 6, 2009 for DANJ)

2
My Contact Info

• Mary Kearns-Kaplan, MLS
• New Jersey State Library
• Manager, branch library, the Information Resource
  Center, New Jersey Department of Environmental
  Protection
• Email mary.kearns-kaplan_at_dep.state.nj.us
• Phone [phone] Fax [phone]
• URL http//www.state.nj.us/dep/dsr/irc

3
Disclaimer

• My views do not represent the official views of
  the NJ State Library or the NJ Department of
  Environmental Protection.
• I am not here to offer opinion, but to point to
  selected, publically-available information
  resources on this topic.
• I am here on my own leave time and not on state
  time.
• I have too many slides!
•  

4
Whatever your opinion is on Climate Change,
itsAll Hot, Hot, Hot to Me!
5
My Goal for Today

• To point out some very current government
  documents on climate change.  These are SELECTED
  resources. This is not by any means a research
  guide.
• I will not cover various nonprofit organizations
  or other nongovernmental interest groups that
  have an interest in climate change.

6
One Definition of Climate Change

• A significant and persistent change in the mean
  state of the climate or its variability. Climate
  change occurs in response to changes in some
  aspect of Earths environment these include
  regular changes in Earths orbit about the sun,
  re-arrangement of continents through plate
  tectonic motions, or anthropogenic modification
  of the atmosphere.
• Source Climate Literacy The Essential
  Principles of Climate Science, U.S. Global
  Change Research Program

7
Climate Change is a Large Issue

• Majority of the sciences and engineering
  disciplines are involved.
• Social sciences are interested.
• Business/Industry has a stake.
• Involves citizens, scientists, politicians,
  public policy experts, and advocates.
• Every sector of the economy affected.
• All aspects of our lives touched arts,
  environment, jobs, health, politics, national
  security, religion, etc.

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Several Hot Topics

• Biodiversity loss and shift in habitats.
• Black Carbon, other contributors to global
  warming.
• Carbon sequestration (e.g. artificial carbon
  capture storage, biological sequestration).
• Market mechanisms to control GHGs
  (cap-and-trade, carbon taxes, carbon offsets,
  etc).
• Melting of glaciers and sea ice.
• National Security Risks.
• Ocean Acidification and increased water temps.
• Renewable/Alternative Energy/Energy Efficiency
  (e.g. biofuels, green buildings, solar, wind,
  etc)
• Sea Level Rise

9
Background for Non-Scientists

• Understanding and Responding to Climate Change,
  National Academy of Sciences, 2008.
• Climate Literacy The Essential Principles of
  Climate Sciences, United States Global Change
  Research Program, 2009.
• A Paleoperspective on Global Warming from
  NOAAs NCDC Paleoclimatology program.

10
Background for Scientists

• US Global Change Research Program has issued
  numerous reports and assessments. This 2009
  report summarizes majority of their research
  Global Climate Change Impacts in the United
  States. Key Findings.

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Background for Scientists

• The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
  (IPCC) http//www.ipcc.ch
• Most recent IPCC assessment is the Fourth
  Assessment Report on Climate Change (AR4) that
  consists of 4 volumes in six languages
• Climate Change 2007 Synthesis Report.
• Climate Change 2007 The Physical Science Basis.
• Climate Change 2007 Impacts, Adaptation, and
  Vulnerability.
• Climate Change 2007 Mitigation of Climate
  Change.
•  

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Background for Scientists

• The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)
  released in September the Climate Change Science
  Compendium 2009. It is a review of new
  scientific research published since the close of
  the 4th IPCC assessment.

13
Key U.S. Legislation

• H.R. 2454 The American Clean Energy and
  Security Act. Aka Waxman-Markey Bill, ACES
  Act, HR 2998. Passed the U.S. House on 6/26/09 by
  a vote of 219 to 212. It is now being debated in
  the Senate.
• S. 1733, The Clean Energy Jobs and American
  Power Act was introduced by US Sens Kerry and
  Boxer on Sept 30 2009. Aka Boxer-Kerry bill.
• Both bills include a cap-and-trade program to
  reduce greenhouse gases with slightly different
  targets.
• The Congressional Research Service has produced
  numerous reports for Congress on climate change.
  You will find these reports on the CRS/Climate
  Change web site hosted by the National Council
  for Science and the Environment.
•  

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Key US Gov Agencies

• Here are just a selected few. Nearly every U.S.
  government agency is involved in this issue in
  some way. There are numerous joint research
  efforts/centers/institutes between universities,
  government agencies and the private sector.

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U.S. Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)

• US Global Change Research Program (USGCRP)
• USGCRP established in 1990 Global Change
  Research Act of 1990 (Public Law 101-606,
  11/16/90).
• Thirteen US departments agencies participate in
  USGCRP. They constitute the Subcommittee on
  Global Change Research of the Cmte on Environment
  and Natural Resources (CENR) of the National
  Science and Technology Council of the Office of
  the President.

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KEY USGCRP Reports

• Global Change Research Act of 1990 mandates an
  assessment every 4 years of global change impacts
  on U.S.
• USGCRP published in 2009, Global Climate Change
  Impacts in the United States, a synthesis of
  science to date. Northeast region report.
• Earlier USGCRP assessments are online.
• Our Changing Planet, an annual USGCRP report to
  Congress.

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National Research Council

• National Research Council (NRC) .
• NRC's Division of Earth Life Studies does most
  of the policy work on climate and energy. 
• Current project of the Academies  "America's
  Climate Choices." Reports coming 2009. Held a
  summit March 30-31, 2009.

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More NRC Info

• Key 2009/2008 NRC reports on climate change
• Hidden Costs of Energy Unpriced Consequences of
  Energy Production and Use. (2009).
• Informing Decisions in a Changing Climate
  (2009).
• Restructuring Federal Climate Research to Meet
  the Challenges of Climate Change (2009).
• Americas Energy Future Technology and
  Transformation. 2009.
• Driving and the Built Environment The Effects
  of Compact Development on Motorized Travel,
  Energy Use, and CO2 Emissions Special Report
  298. 2009.
• Potential Impacts of Climate Change on U.S.
  Transportation (2008).

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U.S Congressional Budget Office

• The Congressional Budget Office (CBO) has
  published several budget analyses and briefs on
  climate change legislation. Several key for 2009
• Potential Impacts of Climate Change in the United
  States, May 2009. Pub No. 3044.
• Cost estimate of H.R. 2998, the American Clean
  Energy and Security Act. 6/26/09. Aka H.R. 2454.
• How Regulatory Standards can Affect a
  Cap-and-Trade Program for Greenhouse Gases,
  9/16/09.
• The Economic Effects of Legislation to Reduce
  Greenhouse-Gas Emissions, Sept 2009. 10/14/09
  Senate testimony.
• More CBO climate change publications are online.

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U.S General Accounting Office (USGAO)

• Selected recent GAO climate change reports
• November 2008 "International Climate Change
  Programs Lessons Learned from the European
  Union's Emissions Trading Scheme and the Kyoto
  Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism." November
  2008. GAO-09-151.
• June 2009 "Aviation and Climate Change Aircraft
  Emissions Expected to Grow, but Technological and
  Operational Government Policies Can Help Control
  Emissions." GAO-09-554.
• July 2009 "Climate Change Trade Measures
  Estimating Industry Effects." GAO-09-875T.
• July 2009 "Climate Change Trade Measures
  Considerations for U.S. Policy Makers."
  GAO-09-724R.
• August 2009 "Preliminary Observations on Options
  for Distributing Emissions Allowances and Revenue
  under a Cap-and-Trade Program." GAO-09-950T.
•  

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U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)

• On April 2, 2007 U.S. Supreme Court ruled that
  greenhouse gases could be regulated as air
  pollutants under the Clean Air Act (Massachusetts
  v. EPA, 549 U.S. 497 (2007). NJ was a party.
• In response, on April 24, 2009, EPA issued a
  proposed endangerment finding rule for 6
  greenhouse gases and a cause or contribute
  finding for these gases emitted from motor
  vehicles and MV engines (see 74 FR 18886). Tech
  doc.
• On May 19 2009, President Obama announced a
  national fuel efficiency policy to reduce
  greenhouse gas emissions and improve fuel economy
  for all new cars and trucks, model years 2012-16.
  

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USEPA (cont'd)

• On Sept 15 2009, EPA and the National Highway and
  Transportation Safety Administration (NHTSA)
  proposed a rule to reduce greenhouse gas vehicle
  emissions and improve fuel economy for certain
  model year cars and trucks (74 FR 49453, Sept 28,
  2009 also see EPA-420-F-09-047).
• On Sept 22 2009, EPA finalized rule for mandatory
  GHG reporting from large emitters. First
  reporting requirement in the US. (74 FR 56259,
  Oct 30, 2009)
• On Sept 30 2009, EPA proposed a rule to require
  permits from from large emitters of GHGs in the
  US. These are the first proposed GHG permitting
  regs. (no FR citation yet as of 10/30, but
  related rule at 74 FR 55291, Oct 27, 2009)

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USEPA (cont'd)

• USEPA Economic Analyses of S 1733 and HR 2454.
• US EPA Climate Change web site.
•  
• EPA web site on New Jersey climate change
  regulatory activities.
• EPA, in collaboration with NOAA and USGS,
  published Coastal Sensitivity to Sea Level Rise
  A Focus on the Mid-Atlantic Region. Synthesis
  and Assessment Product 4.1, U.S. Global Change
  Science Program.
•  
• EPA publishes annually, "Inventory of U.S.
  Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks, a report
  that meets US reporting requests under the UNFCCC.

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National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)

• NOAA's Climate Program Office and Climate
  Research web site will link you to the
  many climate observational, research, and
  modeling programs that NOAA supervises. A few
  recent reports, fact sheets
• Arctic Report Card 2009.
• Ocean Acidification Fact Sheet. 2008.
• NOAA is creating a Climate Service that will be
  capable of providing on-demand data and info.
• NOAA has 21Joint Research Institutes with
  university scientists. Much of this work
  coordinated with NOAAs Earth System Research Lab
  (ESRL). ESRL pubs.
• NOAAs central library catalog.

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National Climatic Data Center 

• NOAAs National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) has
  numerous climate data sets and publications.
• NCDCs Climate Data Directory.
• Online access is now free for most .gov, .edu and
  .mil
• State of the Climate is published monthly and
  annually. National and global info.
• NCDCs global warming web site.

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U. S. Geological Survey (USGS)

• USGS Office of Global Change.
• Recent USGS report on status of northwest
  glaciers, Fifty-Year Record of Glacier Change
  Reveals Shifting Climate in the Pacific Northwest
  and Alaska, USA. USGS Fact Sheet 2009-3046.
• Climate Change and Water Resources Management A
  Federal Perspective, USGS Circular 1331, 2009.
• USGS Publications Warehouse.

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NASA

• NASAs Global Change Master Directory.
• Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS) at
  Columbia Univ is the Earth Sciences Division of
  NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center. GISS
  scientists publish in peer-reviewed lit. Here is
  an index of GISS papers. Briefs on GISS research
  are available. More info.
• NASA supports the National Snow and Ice Data
  Center (NSIDC) at Univ. of Colorado Boulder.
• Earth Observatory has satellite images.

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USDOE

• US Dept of Energy (USDOE) climate change web
  site.
• The Energy Information Administration (EIA)
  publishes annually, "Emissions of Greenhouse
  Gases in the United States and Energy Outlook.
• The USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and
  Renewable Energy (EERE) has 10 programs. Pubs.
• The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Climate
  Research Facility (ACRF) unites climate security
  research of 9 USDOE Labs (e.g. ORNL, NREL). ARM
  Pubs database.
• National Renewable Energy Lab (NREL) collaborates
  with many on research. Pubs database. Other USDOE
  Labs.
• USDOE is creating 46 Energy Frontier Research
  Centers (EFRCs).
• USDOE and Environment Canada delivered to Pres
  Obama and Prime Minister Harper the U.S.
  Canada Clean Energy Dialogue.
•  

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USDOI

• The US Department of the Interior (USDOI)
• US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) has a
  climate change web site . In Sept 2009, they
  issued a proposed strategic plan, Rising to the
  Challenge Strategic Plan for Responding to
  Accelerating Climate Change.
• The National Park Service (NPS) is documenting
  impacts of climate change on natural resources in
  our national parks. See their Climate Friendly
  Parks info.
• The Mineral Management Service (MMS) manages
  offshore energy leases through their Office of
  Energy and Minerals Management. In July 2009,
  they issued Guidelines for the Minerals
  Management Service Renewable Energy Framework.
•  

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Some other US Gov Sites

• US Dept of Agriculture (USDA) Global Climate
  Change web site. USDA analysis of agriculture
  effects from HR 2454.
• US Dept of Transportation (UDOT) Transportation
  and Climate Change Clearinghouse. 
• The National Science Foundation (NSF) provides
  research funding on climate change to numerous
  kinds of recipients. For example, NSF supports an
  important atmospheric research center, the
  National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR).
  It is in, but not of, government. NCAR pubs web
  site. NSF has an online report of climate change
  issues.
• Centers for Disease Controls (CDC) Climate
  Change and Public Health web site.

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US National Security Interests

• U.S. Senate Cmte on Env Public Works held a
  hearing on 7/30/09 titled, Climate Change and
  National Security.
• The U.S. Senate Foreign Relations Cmte had a
  hearing on 7/21/09 titled Climate Change and
  Global Security.
• The Jet Propulsion Lab of NASA published in 2003,
  An Abrupt Climate Change Scenario and its
  Implications for United States National Security.
  
• The U.S. Office of the Director of National
  Intelligence (ODNI) released a report in Nov 2008
  titled, Global Trends 2025 A Transformed
  World. It includes a chapter on climate risks.
• The CIA announced on 9/25/09 that it is opening
  The Center on Climate Change and National
  Security.

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Copenhagen Here We Come!

•  

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Velkommen!

•  

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United Nations Framework Convention on Climate
Change

• Next UNFCCC summit is December 7-18, 2009 in
  Copenhagen.
• Have been several 2009 meetings in preparation
  for this summit
• Bonn March 29-April 8
• Bonn June 1-12
• Bonn Aug 10-14
• New York City Sept 22
• Bangkok Sept 28-Oct 9
• Barcelona Nov 2-6
• UNFCC national reports provide country profiles. 

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The Path to Copenhagen

• 1990 Beginning of UN General Assembly
  negotiations to create the UNFCCC.
• 1992 (June) Rio Earth Summit. UNFCCC adopted.
• 1994 (March 21) UNFCCC in force.
• 1997 (Dec) Kyoto Protocol adopted to control
  GHGs through 2012. History of UN articles.
• 2005 (Feb) Kyoto Protocol begins.
• 2007 (Dec) Bali Road Map and Action Plan
  outlines map for new treaty by end of 2009.
• 2008 meetings in Bangkok, Bonn, Accra and Poznan. 

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More UN Climate Change Work

• UN has an excellent online resource, the "Gateway
  to the UN System's Work on Climate Change."
• 36 UN agencies constitute the "UN Partners on
  Climate Change.
• Publications from all participating agencies are
  collected in one site.
• UN also has an Online Inventory of UN System
  Activities on Climate Change.

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Key International Gov Agencies

• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).
  Created in 1988 By UNEP WMO to review current
  info on climate change.
• IPCC pubs, data and assessments, meeting docs,
  and speeches.
• Most current assessment is "Climate Change 2007,"
  the 4th IPCC Assessment. 
• IPCC shared Nobel Peace Prize in 2007 with Al
  Gore. IPCC Acceptance Speech.
• The IPCC is currently outlining its scope of work
  for the Fifth Assessment report.
•  
•  

38
United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP)

• UNEP's climate change web site.
• In Sept 2009, UNEP released "Climate Change
  Science Compendium 2009." DEW/1182/NA. It is an
  overview of global climate change science for the
  last 3 yrs.
• UNEP's Climate Change Strategy for 2010-2011.
  DCP/1119/NA.
• Just issued Blue Carbon The Role of Healthy
  Oceans in Binding Carbon, Towards Sustainable
  Production and Use of Resources Assessing
  Biofuels, Forest Resilience, Biodiversity, and
  Climate Change. More UNEP pubs.

39
UNs World Meteorological Organization (WMO)

• Main UNs WMO web site. Recent activities
• World Climate Conference - 3 just held in Geneva,
  Aug 31-Sept 4, 2009. At this conference, proposed
  a Global Framework for Climate Services to
  coordinate international climate monitoring.
• Participates in the World Climate Research
  Programme. Formed in 1979 at the first World
  Climate Conf.
• Publishes annually "WMO Statement on the Status
  of the Global Climate." 2008 statement.
• Publishes "World Meteorological Bulletin." Vol 58
  No 3 has a history of intl climate efforts, "A
  History of Climate Activities."
• Also publishes "World Climate News. WMO Has a
  publications catalogue.

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Other International Gov Agencies

• Food and Agricultural Organization of the United
  Nations (FAO). FAO has a climate change portal.
  Policy Brief for Copenhagen "Anchoring
  Agriculture within a Copenhagen Agreement." Other
  FAO pubs.
• The World Bank has a climate change research
  program. It is working with developing countries
  on a project, "The Economics of Adaptation to
  Climate Change. A few other 2009 WB reports
  "Climate Change and Sea Level Rise A Review of
  the Scientific Evidence," 5/09 "World
  Development Report 2010 Development and Climate
  Change," 9/09 Climate Change and the World Bank
  Group. Phase I An Evaluation of World Bank
  Win-Win Energy Policy Reforms. 9/09 Changes in
  CO2 Emissions from Energy Use, 10/09.

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Other UN Agencies

• UN High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR) released
  an Aug 2009 policy paper, "Climate Change,
  Natural Disasters and Human Displacement a UNHCR
  Perspective."  UNHCR web site on climate change.
• The World Health Organization (WHO) released in
  2009, "Protecting Health from Climate Change
  Global Research Priorities."  WHOs climate
  change web site.

42
Intergovernmental Orgs

• The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and
  Development (OECD), a multilateral
  quasi-governmental org has a climate change web
  site. OECD just released The Economics of
  Climate Change Mitigation Policies and Options
  for Global Action beyond 2012. September 2009.
• International Energy Agency (IEA) released an
  excerpt from its "World Energy Outlook 2009"
  report for the UN climate summit in NYC in Sept.
  Full release is expected this month. IEAs
  climate change web site.

43
Intergovernmental Orgs

• AOSIS Alliance of Small Island States. "AOSIS
  Declaration on Climate Change 2009" was released
  before the Sept 22 NYC Summit on Climate Change.
• The Arctic Council . Tromsø Declaration signed
  4/09.
• International Ocean Carbon Coordination Project
  of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission
  of UNESCO. Looking at impacts from CO2 on oceans.
• Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty is the
  governing body of all signatories to the
  Antarctic Treaty. US is a member. Treaty
  documents database. Scientific Cmte on Antarctic
  Researh (SCAR) provides advice to the
  Secretariat. SCAR pubs.

44
International GHG EmissionsTrading

• European Union Emissions Trading System (EU
  ETS) Started in 2005 before Kyoto. Directive
  2003/87/EC of the EU Commission. Multi-national
  emissions trading scheme to reduce GHGs. Largest
  continent-wide program to date. 
• Kyoto Protocol. Adopted in Kyoto on 12/11/1997
  effective 2/16/2005. Flexible mechanisms for GHG
  reductions. Emissions trading is one of them.
  US signed Kyoto, but never ratified.

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All Roads Lead Back to NJ
46
What's Happening in New Jersey?

• State of NJ's Global Warming web site.
• Gov Corzine signed Executive Order 54 on 2/13/07
  establishing GHG reduction targets for NJ
• Stabilize NJ GHG levels at 1990 levels by 2020
• Reduce GHG levels to 80 below 2006 levels by
  2050.
• Orders NJDEP, BPU, NJDOT, NJDCA to collaborate to
  meet these goals.
• In response to this Executive Order, NJ's Global
  Warming Response Act (P.L. 2007, c.112) was
  written and signed into law on 7/6/07.  Draft
  recommendations for public comment released
  December 15 2008.
•  

47
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI)

• NJ participates with 9 other northeastern and
  mid-Atlantic states in the Regional Greenhouse
  Gas Initiative (RGGI).
• RGGI is first US mandatory, cap-and-trade program
  for carbon dioxide (CO2) reductions. Uses carbon
  offsets too.
• Goal is to reduce by 10 CO2 emissions from power
  plants by 2019.
• Participating states sell emissions allowances in
  scheduled auctions and then invest in consumer
  benefit programs in their states. First auction
  was Nov 2008 6th auction is Dec 2, 2009.
• NJ's RGGI program is described.
•  

48
Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) -cont'd

• Regs for NJ's CO2 Budget Trading Program are at
  N.J.A.C 727C.
• Global Warming Solutions Fund (P.L. 2007, c.304)
  designates how auction proceeds distributed in
  NJ.
• NJDEP and NJ Board of Public Utilities (BPU) are
  lead state agencies in RGGI.
• NJDEP's Office of Planning and Sustainable
  Communities implements the Local Government
  Greenhouse Gas Reduction Program. Grant program
  for municipalities for GHG reduction/energy
  efficiency efforts.

49
Offshore Renewable Energy

•  In 2006, a State of New Jersey Blue Ribbon Panel
  on Development of Wind Turbine Facilities in
  Coastal Waters issued a final report to Governor
  Corzine. This report was prepared in response to
  Executive Order 12 from Acting Governor Codey.
  The report recommended baseline
  biological/ecological studies. These were
  initiated in 2008 and an interim report for
  January - December 2008 was released.
•  
• In April 2009, the USDOI announced exploratory
  offshore wind leases for NJ and DE.
•  
•  

50
Other NJ Initiatives

• NJ's Low Emission Vehicle (LEV) Program. Rules
  adopted 2006. (N.J.A.C. 727-29). Implemented by
  NJDEP. Establishes cleaner emissions standards
  for vehicles sold in NJ. NJ is one of 13 states
  to adopt California's Low Emission Vehicles
  program. For consumers, NJDEP has a clean vehicle
  guide.
• NJ's Clean Energy Program. Managed by the NJ
  Board of Public Utilities . Offers renewable
  energy and efficiency incentives for residents,
  businesses, and municipalities.
• Other NJ programs.

51
Several NJ Gov Docs

• Stanley A, Miller KG. (2004 Sept 15).
• "Holocene Sea Level Rise in New Jersey An
  Interim Report. " Submitted to Division of
  Science, Research, and Technology, NJDEP.
• Research Project Summary Solecki WD, Rosenzwieg
  C, et al. (2004 April). "Urban Heat Island and
  Climate Change An Assessment of Interacting and
  Possible Adaptations in the Camden, New Jersey
  Region." NJDEP.
• "Climate Change in New Jersey Trends in
  Temperature and Sea Level." 2006. NJDEP.
•  

52
More NJ Gov Docs

• 2009 Brochure titled, "Climate Change and New
  Jersey."
•  "New Jersey Greenhouse Gas Inventory and
  Reference Case Projections 1990-2020." November
  2008. NJDEP.
• Columbia Univ prepared for NJDEP the following
  report, "The Potential Role of Biofuels in New
  Jersey to Reduce Carbon Emissions from
  Electricity Generation." May 2008.
• Woodrow Wilson School at Princeton prepared for
  NJDEP, "The Garden State in the Greenhouse
  Climate Change Mitigation and Coastal Adaptation
  Strategies for New Jersey." January 2007.

53
Selected Journals

• Applied Energy
• Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• Bulletin of the American Meteorological
  Association
• Climate Policy
• Climatic Change
• Ecological Applications
• Energy Policy
• Environmental Science and Technology
• Geophysical Research Letters.
• Global Biogeochemical Cycles

• Global Change Biology
• Global Environmental Change
• Global Planetary Change
• Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology
• Journal of Climate
• Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres
• Nature
• PNAS
• Science
• Solar Energy

54
Selected Dialog Databases

• Aquatic Sciences and Fisheries Abstracts (File
  44)
• Biosis (File 5)
• CAB Abstracts (File 50)
• Econlit (File 139)
• Ei Compendex (File 8)
• Energy Science and Technology (File 103)
• GeoArchive (File 58)
• GeoBase (File 292)
• Inside Conferences (File 65)

• Meteorological and Geoastrophysical Abstracts
  (File 29)
• NTIS (File 6)
• Oceanic Abstracts (File 28)
• Science (File 370)
• SciSearch (File 34)

55
Free, Online Databases

• AGRICOLA
• AGRIS
• USDOE Information Bridge
• PubMed
• TreeSearch (USFS)
• TRIS
• UN Databases

56
Selected Further Reading
doi10.1038/climate.2009.102

• Cambridge Systematics, Inc. (2009). Moving
  Cooler Surface Transportation and Climate
  Change. Washington, DC The Urban Land Institute.
  
• Engelman R, et al. (2009). State of the World
  2009 Into a Warming World. Washington, DC The
  WorldWatch Institute.
• Ewing R, et al. (2008). Growing Cooler The
  Evidence on Urban Development and Climate Change.
  Washington DC The Urban Land Institute.
• Hulme M, et al (2 Oct 2009). Must-reads for
  Copenhagen. Nature Reports Climate Change. doi
  10.1038/climate.2009.102.
• Molina M, et al. (2009. In-Press). Reducing
  abrupt climate change risk using the Montreal
  Protocol and other regulatory actions to
  complement cuts in CO2 emissions. PNAS. doi
  10.1073/pnas.0902568106.
• Stern N. (2007). The Economics of Climate Change
  The Stern Review. NY Cambridge University Press.
  

57
Photo Credits

• Iceberg Matterhorn Iceberg near Elephant Island,
  Antarctica, courtesy of NOAA Photo Library.
• Forest Fire courtesy of Moab Fire District,
  Bureau of Land Management, U.S. Department of the
  Interior.
• Jet (E-3 Sentry), courtesy of US Air Force
• Copenhagen Amager Torv Square, Photop by Cees
  van Roeden, Courtesy of Visit Copenhagen.
• NJ Turnpike 50th Anniversary logo courtesy of the
  NJ Turnpike Authority.

58
Some Inspiration

• What after all has maintained the human race on
  this old globe, despite all the calamities of
  nature and all the tragic failings of mankind, if
  not the faith in new possibilities and the
  courage to advocate them?
• Jane Addams (1860-1935)
• Social Worker
• 1931 Recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize

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Questions?