Postcolonialism

1
Postcolonialism?????
?????????????

• ?????????
• ????????
• ??2009/08/06

2
??

• ??
• ???????
• ????????
• ?????????
• ???????
• ????????

3
????/Preface

• ????????What is postcolonialism?
• it loosely designates a set of theoretical
  approaches which focus on the direct effects and
  aftermaths of colonization. More specifically, it
  is the social, political, economic, and cultural
  practices which arise in response and resistance
  to colonialism. Major postcolonial theorists
  include Fanon, Said, Spivak and Bhabha.

4
??Frantz Fanon/??

• ??
• Fanon (1925 1961) was born in 1925, to a
  middle-class family in the French colony of
  Martinique. He left Martinique in 1943, when he
  volunteered to fight with the Free French in
  World War II, and he remained in France after the
  war to study medicine and psychiatry on
  scholarship in Lyon. Here he began writing
  political essays and plays.

5
??Frantz Fanon/??

• Facing the brutal reality of colonialism
  directly, Fanon (a psychiatrist, critic and war
  hero), in Black Skin, White Masks, contends that
  the colonial and white superiority forces the
  black people to see their color of skin with
  negative and demeaning associations.

6
??Frantz Fanon/??

• Accordingly, the desire to identify with their
  white colonizer has lead to the painful splitting
  of their identity into two selves one, white
  mask, which speaks the language as if it were
  the authentic aspect of his identity, and the
  other, black skin, which realizes this
  linguistic identity as a theatrical self and a
  form of colonization in order to free his
  desiring machine, fighting against the fascism
  planted in his head the dogged pursue of
  Frenchness.

7
?? Edward Said/???

• ??
• Said (1935-2003), a Palestinian-American literary
  theorist, cultural critic, and an advocate for
  Palestinian rights, was born in Jerusalem when
  the city was part of British-occupied Palestine.
  His family fled with other Palestinian refugees
  to Cairo when Israeli forces captured West
  Jerusalem in 1948. He eventually attended
  Princeton and Harvard and settled in the U.S.,
  where he became a professor of comparative
  literature at Columbia University and
  Palestines most powerful political voice.

8
?? Edward Said/???

• Said, in Orientalism and Culture and Imperialism
  develops an ethico-political critique. His
  cultural schizoanalysis tears down the long-term
  images, stereotypes and general ideology about
  the Orient as the Other or the colonized,
  constructed by generations of Western scholars
  who produced myths about the laziness, deceit and
  irrationality of Orientals. Thus, what the West
  wants to conquer and colonize is not the real
  East but the mere imaginary East of the West.

9
??Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak/????

• ??
• Spivak (1942-) is an Indian literary critic and
  theorist. She is best known for the article Can
  the Subaltern Speak?, considered a founding text
  of postcolonialism, and for her translation of
  Jacques Derridas Of Grammatology. Spivak teaches
  at Columbia University, where she was tenured as
  University ProfessorColumbia's highest rankin
  March 2007. She is also a visiting faculty member
  at the Centre for Studies in Social Sciences,
  Calcutta.

10
??Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak/????

• Spivak calls for strategic essentialism to
  replace the binarism-oriented radical
  postcolonialism. Elsewhere, and especially in
  Can The Subaltern Speak?, she problematizes the
  notion of subaltern or marginality. To her,
  marginality is a very troubling notion because of
  its unsaid desire for replacing the center.

11
??Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak/????

• Furthermore, it is also an accomplice of the
  center. Accordingly, she advocates strategic
  essentialism or the strategy of catachresis as
  the practical politics of the open end, a
  method of the reversion, re-description,
  displacement and insertion of Culture and History.

12
??Homi K. Bhabha/??

• ??
• Bhabha (1949-) is an Indian postcolonial
  theorist. He currently teaches at Harvard
  University where he is the Anne F. Rothenberg
  Professor of English and American Literature and
  Language and Director of the Humanities Center.
  His major works include Nation and Narration
  (editor 1990) and The Location of Culture (1994).

13
??Homi K. Bhabha/??

• From the perspective of the openness and
  ambivalence of analytic structure, Bhabha, like
  Spivak, also deploys, in the British context, a
  more specifically poststructuralist repertoire
  (Foucault, Derrida and a latter-day version of
  psychoanalysis) for his anti-oedipus exploration
  of colonial discourse.

14
??Homi K. Bhabha/??

• Bhabha proposes the notion of relocation as a
  transformative instrument to grasp the
  in-betweenness in the ambivalent field the
  gray zone of intersection in which all culturally
  determinate significations are being questioned
  by an aporia-like hybridity between the colonist
  and the colonized.

15
??Saids Orientalism ????????

• ????????????????????????????????????????????
• ????????????????????????? ???,????,???????????????
  ????????? ????????????????????????????-?????
  ?????????????-???????????????????? ??????????

????http//life.fhl.net/Philosophy/bookclub/cultu
re/01.htm
16
??Saids Orientalism ????????

• ????????????????????????????????
  ??????????????????????????????????
  ????????,??????????????,??????????
  ??????,????,????????????-?????????
  ???,??????????????????????????????
  ????????????????????????????????????,????????????
  ????????

????http//life.fhl.net/Philosophy/bookclub/cultu
re/01.htm
17
??Saids Orientalism ????????

• ?????????????????????????? ??????????????????????
  ???????,??? ???????????????????????????????????,??
  ???????????????????????????,??????????????????????
  ??????????????, ???????????????(hegemony)?????????
  ??? ?????
• Stop and Ponder
• ????????????????????????????????
• ???????????????????????????????

????http//life.fhl.net/Philosophy/bookclub/cultu
re/01.htm
18
???!!