Postcolonialism III: Identity, Nation and Narration Identity

1
Postcolonialism III Identity, Nation and
Narration Identity

• ????????

1. Colonialism, Orientalism and Racism 2.
(Post-)Colonial Identities and Strategies of
Resistance
2
Starting Questions

• What do you think about the current debates over
  the issue of the National Father, and the high
  schools history textbooks?
• e.g. Is our National Father ??,???,or ????
• e.g. Is it ok to increase the percentage of the
  recent 50 years of Taiwanese history to 2/1 of
  Taiwanese history and 1/6 of the whole history
  textbooks, to explain 228 in more details?
• What are at stakes in these two issues?
• The conflicting and fragmentary constructions of
  Taiwans national identity.

3
Outline

• Identity and National Longing for Form
• Benedict Anderson
• Homi Bhabha
• National Identity and Immigrants
• Narration of Nation (1) Taiwans Changing
  Nationalisms National Signs
• Nation and Identity 3 examples
• - ????
• ???
• Born in the U.S.A. by Springsteen
• Conclusion Is nation to be gotten rid of?
• References

4
Identity

• Fragmented and constructed (chap 4 192-93) ?
• Fragmentation in our psyche, by our desires, by
  language, the discourses we are in, and multiple
  and extensive social relations
• Even the relatively more stable
  identitycollective or group identities, such as
  national and familial identitycan still be
  challenged by forces such as those of capitalism,
  colonialism, and globalization.

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National Longing for Form

• Nation defined (textbook 197)
• Ancient nation vs. modern nation states since
  late 18th century.
• Empire vertical rule, ??????
• The building of a nation // the spreading of
  print capitalism (democracy prosperity
  expansionism) which is supported by the State
  with its horizontal rule.
• Nation without State Palestinians Pan-African
  Nation
• State without Nation -- Taiwan

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National Longing for Form (2)

• Nation defined (textbook 197) Narrative Unity
• What is the defining element of a nation? Race?
  Culture? History? Language? Government?
  Geographical Boundaries? Or is there any?
• A Nation geographic boundaries porous, if not
  non-existent
• Government losing its power, competing with the
  other global and regional organizations

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National Longing for Form (2)

• Nation defined (textbook 197-98) Narrative
  Unity
• (2) Nation is 1. an imagined community 2.
  Limited, 3. Sovereign
• (Cf. Benedict Anderson Imagined Communities )
• A Nation imagined and narrated everyday through
  its newspapers and other written discourses (now
  also with news reports and weather broadcasts)
• Into a unity, which actually exists in a
  homogeneous empty time. (e.g. In the meantime,
  the map projected.)

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National Longing for Form (3)

• 2. Nation Constructed
• Anderson Nation as an imagined community How?
• print capitalism ? popularity of books
  newspapers
• ? sense of simultaneity, togetherness and
  commonality (e.g.values).
• ? exclusion of aliens.
• Examples
• -- In the meantime in Victorian novels
• -- newspapers ? calendrical, homogeneous, empty
  time
• -- The use of map in weather broadcast.

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National Longing for Form (4)

• 2. Nation Constructed
• Anderson critiqued the unity is overstated.
• e.g.
• 1) denied by the hybridity of migrating people.
• 2) Denied by colonial histories a colonized
  nation can not achieve its unity (having multiple
  history co-existing all the time).
• 3) Homi Bhabhas theory of nation narration --
  through both history and national signs.

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National Longing for Form (3)

• 3. Ways of Construction
• H. Bhabha pedagogical and performative ways of
  narrating a nation. (textbook 106) the former
  constructs a continuous history, and the latter
  uses disparate signs.
• e.g. The pedagogical ??(???????)???????????(?????
  ?)
• The performative? signs of nation
  ????????????????????????????????(????Uncle
  Sam?????????)???(?????)

How can national identity be natural or unified?
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National Longing for Form(4)

• 3. Ways of Construction (2)
• Elements of a nation
• System Control state apparatus ???? (e.g.
  education, church), laws (???????????????)
• ?????? or Emotional influence history, culture,
  people, nationalist ideologies (e.g. ?????????)
• e.g. Methods of producing the people family
  (?/?), education(????), force(?????), analogy of
  religion (?????), fictive ethnicity (????)

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National Identity Immigrants

• National identity two kinds the collective and
  personal--both a political necessity and a
  fiction.
• e.g. collective identity -- U.S.s many into
  one (melting pot) Canada unity in disunity
  (mosaic).
• An immigrants national identity may be different
  from his/her cultural identity.
• Exclusion or discrimination of the Other.
• Bhabha ?????????????1) Hybridity vs. national
  unity 2) ???????

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A nations Other
Self-Othering She brings to life . . serenity
and peace . . .

What he likes about the U.S.s -- Inventiveness
of your people, instant coffee and your telephone
system
Source OBarr pp. 167-68.
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A nations Other on national landscape (2)
I thought I liked the Lake District, where I
wandered lonely as a Black face in a sea of
white.

Source Mitchell pp. 260-61 online versions
http//www.autograph-abp.co.uk/gallery/pol.html .

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Taiwans Changing Signs of Nationalism
???? ?????,????
1971 ?????????? 1975 ????? 1979 ???? 1973 ?????? 1979 ???1979/12????? 1983 ??????? 1988 ????? 1992 ???? ????228 1945 e.g. ????
1971 ?????????? 1975 ????? 1979 ???? 1973 ?????? 1979 ???1979/12????? 1983 ??????? 1988 ????? 1992 ???? ?????? 1950-60 e.g. ??????? ????, 1960 ??????
1971 ?????????? 1975 ????? 1979 ???? 1973 ?????? 1979 ???1979/12????? 1983 ??????? 1988 ????? 1992 ???? ??????? ?????? 1970-87 e.g ????????, ???
1971 ?????????? 1975 ????? 1979 ???? 1973 ?????? 1979 ???1979/12????? 1983 ??????? 1988 ????? 1992 ???? ????????????? 1987 e.g.1988 ???????
???? vs. ????
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Taiwans Changing Signs of Nation Nationalism
(2)
????? ???? ????? vs. ????? ??????????
1945 e.g. ???? ??
1950-60 e.g. ??????? 1960 ?????? (??????,??,????) ????????? ????
1970-87 e.g. ?????????? ????lt????gt
1987 e.g.1988 ??????? 1997????(http//www.china-tide.org.tw/history/knowtw_main.htm ) ???--?????????
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Example 1 ????-??? vs. ???

• ?ROC
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• ?????????

• Orig --ambiguous national identity
• ?????????
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Source???
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???(????) 

• Orig
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• ?????????
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???(????) 

• Rap now here's a story that'll make u cry
  straight from Taiwan they came just a girl a
  homeboy in no no job no speak no English nobody
  gonna give'im the time of day in a city so cold
  they made a wish then they had the strength 2
  graduate w/honor borrowed 50 just 2 consummate
  a marriage under GOD who never left their side
  gave their children pride raise your voices high
  will never die never die.

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???

• ??????????,?????????,????????,???????
  ,??????????????????,????????????????????,

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Example 3 ???

• ??e.g. ? (???????????) ?????/???
  from?????1989/12/?????
• 2. ????

• 3. ??????
• ??????e.g.
• ????????? ?? ?????????
• 4. ????

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?????????

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  ??????????????????????????????????????????????????
  ???????????(source)

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????? ?????

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• From ??

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????? ???? ?????

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???? ?????

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• ???????????
• ????????????
• ????????????
• ?????????? --?????!
• from ??2000 1994/11/11

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Example 3 Bruce Sprinsteen

• Criticize Vietname war, in War and Born in the
  U.S.A. dressed as a war veteran
• Born down in a dead man's town
• The first kick I took was when I hit the ground
• You end up like a dog that's been beat too much
• 'Til you spend half your life just covering up
• chorus Born in the U.S.A. Born in the U.S.A.
  Born in the U.S.A. Born in the U.S.A.
• I got in a little hometown jam
• And so they put a rifle in my hands
• Sent me off to Vietnam
• To go and kill the yellow man chorus
• Come back home to the refinery Hiring man says
  "Son if it was up to me"
• I go down to see the V.A. man
• He said "Son don't you understand" chorus

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Example 3 Bruce Sprinsteen

• I had a buddy at Khe Sahn
• Fighting off the Viet Cong
• They're still there, he's all gone
• He had a little girl in Saigon
• I got a picture of him in her arms
• Down in the shadow of the penitentiary
• Out by the gas fires of the refinery
• I'm ten years down the road
• Nowhere to run, ain't got nowhere to go
• I'm a long gone Daddy in the U.S.A. Born in the
  U.S.A. I'm a cool rocking Daddy in the U.S.A.
  Born in the U.S.A.

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Example 3 Bruce Sprinsteen

• 1984?????????????,?????????????????????(message
  of hope" Barol 32)???,Born in the
  U.S.A.??????????????????????????,???????????

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Is Nation to be gotten rid of?
Culture War by Ron English 1997
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References

• ?????????? http//www.eng.fju.edu.tw/Literary_Crit
  icism/postcolonism/nation.html
• ???????????19751997. ??, 1999.
• ??????? (http//www.china-tide.org.tw/history/land
  .htm )
• Includes ??????????????,??????????????????????/??
  ?
• ??????????? http//www.fl.nctu.edu.tw/joyceliu/Ta
  iwanLit/bg_data/Y.R.Chen.htm
• ???.  ?????????1970???????????.  ??????,1994.
  
• ?????http//members.tripod.com/ol_t/index.html
• OBarr, William M. Culture and the Ad Exploring
  Othernesss in the World of Advertising. Oxford
  Westview, 1994.
• Michell, Don. Cultural Geography A Critical
  Introduction. Oxford Blackwell, 2000.