Networking the final phase

1
Networking the final phase

• System Setup

2
Networking Overview

• Functional/Logical
• Category - Scope/Workload Characterization
• Interface Specifications/Models
• Physical
• Network Topologies
• Devices
• Media
• Transport/Network Protocols

3
Command Line Syntax
dir /?
dir .sys /s
format c /s
copy c\. a\. /v
COMMAND /parameters source destination
/parameters
4
Spheres of Control
Operating System Software
Logical
CMOS ESCD BIOS
Physical/Hardware
Firmware
Physical
5
Specific Management Functional Areas

• Security Management - where?
• Auditing Management - when?
• Configuration Management - who?
• Fault Management - what?
• Performance Management - how?

6
A summary model
Software Applications Services
Software Core Operating System
Firmware BIOS/CMOS/ESCD
Hardware backplane with power, chipset, and
communication busses
7
Basic Functions

• Input
• Processing
• Output
• Local, Dialup, LAN/WAN
• Storage
• Local, Dialup, LAN/WAN

8
An Installation Life cycle

• Install hardware
• Configure firmware
• Install and configure software
• Test for stability and services
• Install and configure network layer
• Test for connectivity
• Is there dial tone at the D-mark?

9
An Installation Procedure

• Create bootable microdiskette
• Copy utilities from source files
• Copy drivers from source files
• Create system configuration files
• Reboot system from boot diskette
• Confirm OS version, system date time, access to
  storage subsystems like CDROM
• Prepare storage media for system installation
• Locate the installation executable ( \I386 ?)
• Install the operating system

10
Microsoft Disk Operating System
Microsoft Disk Operating System
config.sys
autoexec.bat
Basic Input Output System
Hardware Substrate
11
Windows 95 Architecture
Applications
Registry
User Interface
Windows 95 Core
VMMngr
IFSMngr
ConfigMngr
Device Drivers
Basic Input Output System
Hardware Substrate
12
Windows 98 Architecture
User Interface - 32 bit shell
Windows 98 Core
VMMngr
IFSMngr
ConfigMngr
Win32 Driver Model
Device Drivers
Basic Input Output System
Hardware Substrate
13
Generic Microsoft NT NOS Architecture
Win32 Apps
User Mode
CSS
Object Mngr
I/O Mngr
Win32 Mngr
Security Ref Mntr
Process Mngr
Loc Proc Call Fac
VM Mngr
Microkernel
Kernel Mode
Hardware Abstraction Layer
Hardware Substrate
14
Physical External Interfaces
DTE
DCE
DCE
DTE
Protocol
Transmission Channel
Software that enables communication
15
OSI
Functional Layers

• Application
• Presentation
• Session
• Transport
• Network
• Data Link
• Physical

Application Logical Remote
Interoperability Interconnectivity
Presented by Phillip Schein for Skidmore College,
1999
16
EstablishingPerformance Baselines

• Logs/Alerts
• memory
• processor
• storage
• networks
• eventvwr (Event Viewer)
• taskmgr (Task Manager)
• perfmon (Performance / System Monitor)
• Startup and Recover / System Restore

17
Local machine tools?

• device manager / performance / system monitor
• task manager
• view metrics (PID, CPU, etc.)
• modify (set priority), terminate processes
• maintenance wizard / task scheduler
• sysedit/msconfig
• msinfo32
• hwinfo /ui

18
Punchlist?

• Identify events in Event Viewer
• configuration, fault management, security?
• Identify devices in Device Manager
• configuration, performance?
• Identify performance in Performance
• performance?
• Identify Networking Components
• configuration?

19
A Real World Schema

• A Single Workstation
• A Workgroup
• like a bus - addressing
• One Domain - Intranet
• Many Domains

20
Binary to decimal conversion
Decimal value of placeholder
Binary value of byte
Binary to decimal conversion
128
64
0
0
8
0
0
1
Decimal value of byte
128 64 8 1 201
21
Addressing a machine

• Computer (NetBIOS) Name
• IP Address with subnet mask
• Default gateway address
• DNS server information
• DHCP client information vs. Static addressing
• Hardware (MAC) address - DHCP reservations
• WINS (if applicable, though legacy)
• or
• DUN speed-rated ISP telephone number, SID

22
Microsoft TCP/IP Protocol Suite
23
Network Binding
Workstation Service
Server Service
TDI
NetBEUI (NBF)
NWLink
TCP/IP
NDIS 4
Network Adapter (0)
Network Adapter (1)
24
Router on a network
192.17.2
192.17.2.1
192.17.2.2
192.17.2.3 201.51.3.3
201.51.3.4
201.51.3
201.51.3.2
25
Gateway on a network
192.17.2
192.17.2.1
192.17.2.2
Internet Service Provider
192.17.2.3
206.6.20.3
206.6.20.1
192.17.2.5
26
Internetworking concepts and addressing
Local Area Network NY101
Local Area Network NY201
Local Area Network LA301
27
Network Topologies

• Physical/Logical
• Fault Tolerance
• Bus
• Ring
• Mesh DOD and the Internet
• Star (compare to USB and IEEE 1394)
• Hybrid and DUN

28
Network Media

• Coaxial British Naval Connector, RG-58
• Twisted-pair UTP, STP Category 3 vs 5 RJ-45
• Fiber Optic Fiber Distributed Data Interface
  (FDDI) FDDI vs CDDI
• Wireless (p 358) - IrDA, 802.11, CDPD, MMDS, LMDS

29
Network Protocols

• Simplex vs Duplex (half and full)
• RS-232 and a null modem connection
• Multiuser Network Protocols
• TCP/IP - TCP vs UDP, the Internet Protocol
• NetBEUI Windows workgroups
• IPX/SPX Novell clients
• LocalTalk Apple/Macintosh workgroups

30
Network Connectivity

• Firewall technologies
• Gateway protocol converter
• Router
• Brouter/Switch
• Hub passive, active, smart
• Bridge simple, multiport (switch)
• Repeater
• DCE - Channel Service Unit/ Digital Service Unit

31
Internetworking concepts and addressing
Local Area Network NY101
Local Area Network NY201
Local Area Network LA301
32
Networking Issues

• Bandwidth total capacity
• Data Corruption physical loss
• Security appropriate at several OSI layers
• authentication, authorization, auditing (AAA)
  confidentiality, integrity non-repudiation
  (especially for ecommerce)
• Network Quality of Service (QOS)

33
Testing Connectivity

• Hard Tools
• link status lights
• Soft System Tools
• Device Manager, My Network Places
• Soft CLI Tools
• ipconfig (winipcfg)
• ping, tracert
• netstat

34
Packet InterNet Groper
IPCONFIG/WINIPCFG
Ping 127.0.0.1
(Loopback address)
Ping Local Host
Ping Default Gateway
Ping Remote Host
35
Legacy Single Domain Models
36
Multiple Domain Models
Resource
Resource
Resource
Resource
37
Object Authentication
Logon
Logon Dialog Box CtrlAltDelete
Security Subsystem
User Mode
Kernel Mode
ACL
SAM
Access Token
38
Generic Domain Relationships
Trusted Domain
User/Group Account
Trusting Domain
Token
Validation Request
ACL
39
To be continued
40
Resolving a Local IP Address
ping 131.107.7.29
3
1
ARP Cache
ARP Cache
131.107.7.7 08004. . . 131.107.7.28 08004. . .
131.107.7.7 08004. . .
2
ARP Broadcast
Hardware Address 08007. . .
4
IP Address 131.107.7.28 Hardware Address
08004. . .
IP Address 131.107.7.29 Hardware Address
08007. . .
41
Resolving a Remote IP Address
ping 131.107.7.29
4
ARP Cache
1
131.107.7.7 08009. . . 131.107.7.1 08006. . .
ARP Cache
131.107.3.7 08004. . .
ARP Cache
131.107.3.1 08005...
131.107.7.1 08006...
3
ARP Broadcast for Router A
2
5
ARP for Router B
IP Address 131.107.3.24 Hardware Address
08004. . .
IP Address 131.107.7.29 Hardware Address
08009. . .
42
Resolving NetBIOS Names
net use x \\norway\public
DNS Server
1
6
NetBIOS Name Cache
NetBIOS Name Server
2
5
Broadcast
3
4
43
Resolving Local NetBIOS Names
net use x \\munchen2\public
1
Broadcast for Munchen2
3
2
Munchen2 131.107.3.27
NetBIOS Name Munchen1 IP Address 131.107.3.24
NetBIOS Name Munchen2 IP Address 131.107.3.27
44
Resolving NetBIOS Names
net use x \\france\public
NetBIOS Name Server
1
3
2
NetBIOS Name Malaysia IP Address 125.112.54.29
NetBIOS Name France IP Address 131.107.7.29
45
What Is NetBIOS?
Application
Application
NetBIOS Applications
NetBIOS Applications
NetBIOS Interface
NetBIOS NetBIOS over TCP/IP
NetBIOS NetBIOS over TCP/IP
TDI
TDI
Transport
Transport
Internet
Internet
Network
Network
46
Resolving Names with a HOSTS File
ping HostB
Router
HostB 131.107.7.29
2
1
IP Address Resolved
Name Resolution
Hostname HostA IP Address 131.107.3.24
Hostname HostB IP Address 131.107.7.29
47
Resolving DNS Names
ping HostB.training.microsoft.com
Router
Domain Name System Server
2
1
Name Resolution
IP Address Resolved
Domain Name HostB.training.microsoft.com
48
The HOSTS File
This file is used by Microsoft TCP/IP utilities

127.0.0.1 localhost loopback

102.54.94.97 rhino.microsoft.com
131.107.2.100 unixhost UNIXHOST LAN Manager
UNIX Host
131.107.3.1 gateway GATEWAY Default Gateway
49
Resolving Host Names
ping hostname
1
Local Host Name
6
Broadcast
2
5
DNS Server
NetBIOS Name Server
3
4