Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome AIDS

1
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

• Caused by a virus (human immunodeficiency virus
  HIV)

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Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

• Caused by a virus (human immunodeficiency virus
  HIV)
• HIV preferentially infects T-helper cells
• HIV Attaches to CD4 and to CCR5 (a chemokine
  receptor)

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The results

• Infected T-helper cell is destroyed
• Released HIV then infect other T-helper cells

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The results

• Infected T-helper cell is destroyed
• T-helper cell sends a kill me signal using MHC
  Class I presented HIV peptides
• T-cytotoxic cells destroy virus-infected T-helper
  cells

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Chronic depletion of CD4 T-helper cells
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Complete HIV infection cycle
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What to do about HIV/AIDS?

• Use drugs that interfere with one or more of the
  stages of HIV infection, replication, release.

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Use the immune system

• Antibodies to prevent HIV attachment

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Use the immune system

• Antibodies to prevent HIV attachment
• Specific for gp120 (or some portion)

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Use the immune system

• Antibodies to prevent HIV attachment
• T-cytotoxic cell destruction of HIV-infected
  cells before viral replication and release

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Use the immune system

• Expand HIV-peptide specific T-cytotoxic cell
  population before HIV infection
• MHC Class I presentation of HIV-peptide by
  non-infected cells without causing any harm
• Hey, what about using the dendritic cell to
  present the HIV peptides?
• Would prime AND expand the T-cytotoxic cell
  population
• DCs can also do cross-presentation
• What form of the vaccine material will be
  correctly processed and presented by the DC
  gp120?, other viral peptide?
• How about genetically manipulating the DC to
  express MHC Class I HIV peptides? insert HIV
  nucleotide sequence and necessary enzymes