Cells: The Basic Units of Life

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Cells The Basic Units of Life

• Chapter 3

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Organization of Life

• Cells membrane covered structure that contains
  all of the materials necessary for life
• Tissues a group of cells which work together to
  perform a specific job in the body
• Organs two or more tissues working together to
  perform a specific job.

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• Organ Systems groups of organs working together
  to perform a specific job
• Organism anything that can live on its own.
• Cells ? tissues ? organs ?
• organ systems ? organisms
• Multi vs. unicellular??

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The Big Picture

• Population a group of organisms that are of the
  same kind and live in the same area
• Community Two or more populations living in the
  same area
• Ecosystem the community and all of the
  non-living things which affect it
• Terrestrial vs.
• aquatic

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The Discovery of Cells

• Robert Hooke British scientist who in 1665
  looked at cork cells with an early microscope
  noticed juice inside
• Anton van Leeuwenhoek Dutch scientist who in
  1673 looked at pond scum

It is pronounced like fish hook
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The Cell Theory

• Theodor Schwann and Rudolph Virchow composed the
  three parts of the cell theory
• 1. all organisms are made of cells
• 2. cells are the basic unit of life in all
  living things
• 3. all cells come from
• existing cells

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Cell Similarities

• 1. Cell Membrane the inside-outside barrier of
  a cell
• 2. Hereditary Material DNA
• 3. Cytoplasm the fluid inside of a cell
• 4. Organelles structures inside of cells
• 5. Small Size too
• small for the naked eye
• to see

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What is Surface to Volume Ratio??
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Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic cells

• Pro cells that do not have a nucleus or any
  other membrane covered organelles also called
  bacteria.
• Euk cells that have a nucleus
• Nucleus a membrane covered organelle which
  holds the cells DNA.

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Organelles, cell parts

• Cell wall hard structure outside of
  plant and algae cells which provide strength
  and support. Made of cellulose
• Nucleolus concentrated area inside of a nucleus
• Ribosomes org. which hook amino acids together
  to make proteins
• Endoplasmic Reticulum the ER makes lipids,
  breaks down drugs, and packages up proteins for
  release from a cell
• Mitochondria turns food into ATP the power
  plant

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More Organelles ?

• Chloroplasts make food using sunlight in
  producers filled w/ green pigment called
  chlorophyll
• Golgi Complex processes and transports
  materials out of the cell
• Vesicles membrane-covered compartments
• Vacuole stores water and other materials
• Lysosomes digest food particles, wastes, cell
  parts, and foreign invaders

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Plant vs. Animal Cells

• Similarities Differences
• Nucleus chloroplasts
• Cell mem. Lg. vacuole
• Organelles cell wall

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Comparisons????