SOL Quiz 13

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SOL Quiz 13

• Cultural Changes 1800-1860

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1. In the United States, the change from the
"cottage system" to the "factory system" first
took place in which of the following
industries? a. thread spinning b. hide
tanning c. cloth weaving d. iron forging
In early industrial days, cloth weaving was
originally a "cottage" industry because spinning
machinery to produce thread was developed first,
but the machinery to weave the thread into cloth
was not invented until later. Samuel Slater had
memorized plans for spinning machinery in Great
Britain.
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2. From which country did most pre-Civil War
immigrants come? a. Italy b. Ireland c.
Russia d. Spain
The influx of Irish immigrants was particularly
heavy during the Irish Potato Famine of the late
1840s. Some native-born Americans, who were
predominantly Protestant, objected to the
Catholic religious beliefs of the Irish. Some of
these, called nativists, wanted Congress to block
Irish immigration to America.
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3. The "nativist" movement of the 1840s, which
gave rise to the Know-Nothing Party of the 1850s,
supported a. abolition of slavery b. popular
sovereignty c. a halt to immigration d. fugitive
slave laws
Resentment by some Protestants fueled the
nativist movement. They were concerned about the
increased immigration of Catholics and had fears
that immigrants were taking jobs from native-born
Americans.
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4. Between 1800 and 1840 the number of work hours
needed to produce 100 bushels of wheat dropped
from 373 to 233. For corn it dropped from 30 to
25 hours. The most probable explanation for this
change is a. better fertilizer b. larger
farms c. more machinery d. more farmers
Between 1800 and 1840 the cast-iron plow was
introduced, along with the reaper and the
steel-blade plowshare. These inventions helped
farmers produce more in less time.
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5. How did Eli Whitney help to push forward the
Industrial Revolution in the United States? a. He
applied the factory system to the manufacture of
steamboats. b. He developed the use of the
assembly line. c. He introduced the concept of
interchangeable parts. d. He invented the first
useable steam engine.
Previously, manufactured goods had been made by
hand, with each part tailor-made to the
individual completed piece. In 1798 Whitney
wrote to Alexander Hamilton requesting a contract
to, "undertake the manufacture of 10,000 to
15,000 stand of arms rifles. I am persuaded
that machinery moved by water would greatly
diminish the labor and facilitate the manufacture
of this article." He got the contract. Two
years later he appeared with the parts to make 10
guns. He divided the parts into stacks for each
kind of part and government officials were asked
to randomly pick a part from each stack. Whitney
then assembled a gun from each set of parts
selected. All 10 guns worked.