Cell Organelle Structure and Function

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Cell Organelle Structure and Function
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Cell Organelles

• Cell Wall

• Found only in plants
• Strong, made of cellulose (non-living material
  made by the cell from sugar molecules)
• Function protection and support
• Allows some substances to go through

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Cell Organelles

• Cell membrane
• Semi-permeable

• In plants, it is just inside the cell wall
• In animals it is the outer membrane
• Functions protection, support , controls what
  goes in and out of cell, acts as a barrier
  between the cell and its environment

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Cell Organelles

• Nucleus

• Control center, brain of the cell-surrounded by
  the nuclear membrane
• Function controls and regulates all activities
  of the cell
• Contains chromosomes (DNA, inheritance of traits,
  all instructions for making proteins) and
  nucleolus (where ribosomes are made)

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Cell Organelles

• Cytoplasm
• Golgi Apparatus

• Clear, thick jelly substance
• Function support and movement of other
  organelles that float in it
• ____________________
• Function modify, store, and package proteins
  made in the cell

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Cell Organelles

• Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
• Ribosomes

• Function transportation
• Rough ER-has attached ribosomes, makes proteins
• Smooth ER-no ribosomes, makes lipids
• __________________
• Located free in cytoplasm or on rough ER
• Function make proteins

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Cell Organelles

• Cytoskeleton

• Function maintain cell shape
• Made of thin, hollow protein microtubules and
  solid protein fibers called microfilaments

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Cell Organelles

• Cilia
• Flagella

• Many short, hair-like projections off the
  membrane
• Function coordinate movement
• _______________
• Longer projection-moves like a whip
• Only 0-2 per cell
• Function movement

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Cell Organelles

• Vacuole
• Contractile Vacuole

• Function storage of waste, food, water
• ________________
• Function remove excess water from 1- celled
  fresh water organisms

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Cell Organelles

• Mitochondria
• Chloroplast

• Powerhouse of the cell
• Function convert chemical energy of food into
  ATP
• ________________
• Function where photosynthesis takes place
  (helps provide cell with energy)
• Found mostly in plant cells (occasionally in
  other cells like euglena)

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Cell Organelles

• lysosome

• Function sac that contains digestive enzymes

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Cells can be divided into 2 categories

• Prokaryotes
• Dont have a nucleus, but do have genetic
  material
• Generally are smaller and simpler
• Unicellular
• Still perform all chemical reactions required
• Examples bacteria, most common microorganisms

• Eukaryotes
• Have a nucleus that separates the genetic
  material from the rest of the cell
• Generally larger and more complex
• Have lots of specialized internal structures
  (organelles)
• Examples plants, animals, fungus

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Animal Cell
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Plant cell
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Organelle video