Cellular Components

1
Cellular Components

• Prokaryotic
• no nucleus
• Eukaryotic
• has nucleus  
• Cytoplasm
• Everything outside of the nucleus and inside the
  plasma membrane.

2
Plasma Membrane

• lipids constitute about 50 of the mass of most
  animal plasma membranes
• cells are surrounded by a phospholipid bilayer in
  which various membrane proteins are embedded
• it is a fluid membrane
• it is highly selective.

3
Nucleus

• occupies about 10 of the total cell volume
• surrounded by a double membrane envelope
• contains pores through which selected molecules
  are actively transported in and out
• the nuclear envelope is directly connected with
  the ER
• contains the nucleolus which makes ribosomes

4
Ribosomes

• catalyze protein synthesis
• composed of a large and a small subunit which fit
  together
• the small subunit collects amino acids, while the
  large subunit catalyzes peptide bond formation

5
Endoplasmic Reticulum

• present in eukaryotic cells
• highly folded single mem.
• manufactures lipids and excreted cellular
  proteins,
• works closely with the Golgi apparatus
• rough ER has membrane-bound ribosomes that
  synthesize proteins
• smooth ER (rare in cells) involved in
  modification and transport of lipids to the Golgi
  apparatus

6
Golgi Apparatus

• located near nucleus
• comprised of stacks of usually 4-6 flat,
  membrane-bound cisternae
• usually surrounded by swarms of small vesicles
• receives newly synthesized proteins lipids, and
  transports them to the plasma mem.

7
Mitochondria

• about the size of a bacteria
• has an inner and the outer membrane
• has to areas,the matrix space and the inter
  membrane space
• the inner mem is highly folded into "fingers"
  called cristae

8
Mitochondria (Inner Mem.)

• the major working part of the mitochondria is the
  inner mem. and the matrix
• the enzymes that make most of the energy are
  embedded in the inner membrane

9
Chloroplasts

• about 5x's the size of mitochondria
• they have three membranes inner, outer, and
  thylakoid mems.
• there are three compartments created by these
  mems inter membrane space, stroma and thylakoid
  space.

10
Chloroplasts

• the thylakoid membrane contains the enzymes that
  produce energy for the cell.
• this is similar to the innermembrane of the
  mitochondria

11
Lysosomes

• specialized for intracellular digestion
• contain a variety of hydrolytic enzymes for
  digesting proteins
• the cells recycler

12
Secretory Vesicles

• in cells where secretion occurs, secreted
  proteins are concentrated and stored in these
  membrane-bound sacs (goblet cell in small
  intestine-mucus)
• their membrane components are recycled