Technology

1
Technology
Can It Save Us?
- Toolbelt Evolution -

• J. A. Drake, P.E.
• Director, Technical Serivces
• Duke Energy Gas Transmission

2
The Original Toolbelt

• ASME B31.8 Gas Pipeline Code early 1950s,
  defined standards for Design Materials
  Construction Operations - Maintenance
• State of Technology in 1950
• Corrosion managed with CP
• Tar based coatings applied over the ditch
• Hydrostatic testing very new not consistently
  applied
• X grade materials achieved strength via chemistry
• Manufacturing capabilities limited
• TPD managed by depth of cover, line markers and
  ROW
• Code developer recognized limitation of
  technology and imprecise tools
• Addressed by embedding conservative safety
  factors
• Ramped up safety factors in higher consequence
  areas to accommodate imprecise tools

3
Technology Evolved

• High pressure hydrostatic testing (1950s)
• Materials technology
• Coating Technology
• In-Line Inspection
• Direct Assessments (2000s)

• High frequency welding(1960s)
• Fracture mechanics toughness (1990s)
• Controlled roIled steels lower chemistry (1980)
• Milled applied coatings
• FBE 1980s
• Standards Res (1980s)
• Hi Res (1990s)
• Slope deformation/Hi Res Dent (2000s)
• Crack Tools (liquids) (2000s)

4
New Toolbelt

• ASME B31.8 IMP
• Guidelines on maintenance operations part of
  lifecycle
• Provide clarity on threat criteria and tool
  applicability
• Define threat classes, - Time Dependent, Time
  Independent, Stable better tool deployment
• IC/EC - Better biocides, piggability in
  designs, high resolutions ILI, better coatings,
  DA
• SCC - Better understandings of drivers, FBE
  coatings, temperature controls
• Materials - Higher pressure testing, chemistry
  controls, continuous cast/ controlled rolled
  steels, fracture toughness, mill inpsection
  technology
• Construction - Better welding, NDT, coatings,
  Hydrostatic Testing, Post Construction ILI
• Third Party Damage/Outside Force - Puncture
  resistivity, fracture control, One Call System,
  Public Awareness Programs, Surveillance, ILI

5
Toolbelt Users Manual

• Safety performance statistics analysis defined
• Stress is not primary determinant in failure
  frequency
• More rigorous practices more them compensated for
  less conservative safety factors
• No Silver bullets
• Hammers and screws
• Toolbelts diversity essential
• Apply right/appropriate tool for this job
• Multiple tools on single threat to address
  different dimensions or work as fabric/multiple
  layers
• IMP Standards provide guidance/clarity
• In place on maintenance and operations
• Working to update balance of lifecycle
• Rules have a role in ensuring practice in
  deployed
• But over prescription has a downside
• Technology is a part of the solution
• Continue to define gaps in the toolbelt
• But, effective applications is essential