Heating of the Earth Insolation

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Heating of the EarthInsolation

• Insolation energy we get from the sun (sun
  sol)

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Fate of incoming Solar Energy

• Reflected by clouds or earths surface
• Absorbed by atmosphere
• Absorbed by earth

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What determines how much of the suns energy
stays on the planet?

• Type of surface
• Land
• changes temperature very quickly
• Absorbs and re-radiates heat energy quickly
• Water
• changes temperature very slowly
• Absorbs and re-radiates heat energy slowly

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• Nature of surface
• Color
• Light colors reflect energy
• Snow and ice reflect
• Dark colors absorb energy
• Soil and rock absorb

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• Texture
• Smooth surfaces reflect better than rough
  surfaces
• Water is smooth and reflects
• How direct are the suns rays?
• Angle of insolation

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Effect of Angle of Insolation
Same amount of incoming energy. The more direct
the angle the more concentrated the energy
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1 m2
2 m2
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Equator
30
45
Poles
Relative amount of incoming energy
__________
_____________________________
_____
______
Greater the angle, the less concentrated the
energy
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What does this mean for Earth?
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Intensity of insolation depends upon

• Latitude
• Farther you are from the equator the less energy
  reaches you

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Same area covered Different amounts of energy
Less energy colder
More energy warmer
Less energy colder
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• Season
• More energy reaches you in summer than in winter

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Where is the suns energy most concentrated?
Which hemisphere is having summer?
Energy from the Sun
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• Time of day
• Sun is at its highest point at noon
• Cloud cover
• During the day clouds decrease amount of energy
  we get
• At night clouds trap energy and keep temperatures
  warmer

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What does this look like for the whole planet?
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Why are bands curved?
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World Mean Temperature January
What season do you think we are having In the
United States?
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Effect of Angle of Insolation

• More energy reaches the equator than the poles
• There is a gain of energy at the equator
• There is a loss of energy at the poles
• Unequal heating of earth causes giant convection
  cells to form
• Result global winds

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Formation of convection cells
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Remember.
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• Warm air rises
• Cool air sinks
• Convection cells form
• Earth is spinning adds another factor in
  formation of global winds
• Coriolis effect

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Coriolis Effect

• objects moving in the northern hemisphere are
  deflected toward the right of their direction of
  motion
• Objects moving in the southern hemisphere are
  deflected toward the left of their direction of
  motion

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Resulting wind pattern is called3-celled model
of global air circualtion
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