Construction and Pedagogical Use of Digital Archives

1
Construction and Pedagogical Use of Digital
Archives
One Introduction to XML
lt?xml version"1.0"?gt lt?xml-stylesheet
href"jonson.xsl" type"text/xsl"?gt lt!DOCTYPE
TEI.2 PUBLIC "-//TEI P4//DTD Main DTD Driver
File//EN" "http//www.tei-c.org/Guidelines/DTD/tei
2.dtd" lt!ENTITY TEI.XML 'INCLUDE'gt lt!ENTITY
TEI.mixed 'INCLUDE'gt lt!ENTITY TEI.drama
'INCLUDE'gt lt!ENTITY TEI.verse
'INCLUDE'gt lt!ENTITY TEI.prose
'INCLUDE'gt lt!ENTITY TEI.figures
'INCLUDE'gt lt!ENTITY TEI.linking
'INCLUDE'gt lt!ENTITY TEI.transcr
'INCLUDE'gt lt!ENTITY TEI.analysis
'INCLUDE'gt lt!ENTITY TEI.textcrit
'INCLUDE'gt lt!ENTITY ISOlat1 SYSTEM
'http//www.tei-c.org/Entity_Sets/Unicode/iso-lat1
.ent'gt ISOlat1 lt!ENTITY ISOlat2 SYSTEM
'http//www.tei-c.org/Entity_Sets/Unicode/iso-lat2
.ent'gt ISOlat2 lt!ENTITY ISOnum SYSTEM
'http//www.tei-c.org/Entity_Sets/Unicode/iso-num.
ent'gt ISOnum lt!ENTITY ISOpub SYSTEM
'http//www.tei-c.org/Entity_Sets/Unicode/iso-pub.
ent'gt ISOpub lt!NOTATION jpg SYSTEM
"IMAGES/JPEG"gt lt!ENTITY fig130-001-1 SYSTEM
"fig130-001-1.jpg" NDATA jpggt gt

• Washington University
• 25 May 2006

2
What is XML?

• A meta-language, i.e. a language for creating
  languages
• A platform- and application-independent protocol
  for marking-up structured documents
• A descriptive mark-up system, i.e. one that
  describes and categorizes parts of a document
• An extensible strategy that allows designers to
  scale the scope of mark-up to match the needs of
  a project

3
Basic XML Components

• Document, or instance
• DTD, defining the grammar and syntax of the
  tagging scheme
• XSLT files for transforming documents
• Associated external resources such entities or
  CSS files
• Associated tools such as XML parser
• Additional protocols such as XSL-FO, XLinks,
  XPointers, and Schemas

4
Basic Rules of XML

• The XML declaration must begin the document
• Every opening lttaggt must have an accompanying
  closing lt/taggt
• All elements must be nested hierarchically
• Empty tags must end with /gt, for example, lttag/gt
• The document must contain exactly one root
  element that completely contains all other
  elements
• All attribute values must be within quotes
• The characters "lt" and "" are reserved and must
  be used only to begin tags and entity references
  respectively
• The only native XML entity references are amp,
  lt, gt, apos, and quot

5
XML Good Practice

• Do not include whitespaces in tag names
• Do not include reserved XML characters or
  characters that have special meaning in
  processing languages like perl
• Do not start a tag name with a number or a
  punctuation character
• Tag names are case-sensitive -- lttaggt is
  different from ltTAGgt
• Take care when using characters beyond the core
  7-bit ASCII set, for example ë, ß, or

6
Sample XML Document

• 1 lt?xml version"1.0"?gt
• 2 lt?xml-stylesheet hrefpotato.xsl"
  type"text/xsl"?gt
• 3 lt!DOCTYPE russett SYSTEM Idaho.dtd
• 4 lt!ENTITY spud.xml 'INCLUDE'gt
• 5 lt!ENTITY chips Rufflesgt
• 6 lt!NOTATION jpg SYSTEM images/spudsgt
• 7 lt!ENTITY crispy SYSTEM smashed.jpg NDATA
  jpggt
• gt
• 8 ltrussettgt
• 9 lttitlegtMy Favorite Tuber Kingslt/titlegt
• ltsnackgt
• 11 ltbasic n1 typebreakfastgtHash
  Brownslt/basicgt
• 12 ltbasic n2 typelunchgtchipslt/basicgt
• ltbasic n3 typedinnergtMashed (see
• 13 ltpic refsmashed.jpggt)
• 14 lt!-- Oops, I just started the Atkins
  Diet...forget all this --gt
• lt/basicgt
• lt/snackgt
• lt/russettgt